Automatically improving constraint models in Savile Row
When solving a combinatorial problem using Constraint Programming (CP) or Satisfiability (SAT), modelling and formulation are vital and difficult tasks. Even an expert human may explore many alternatives in modelling a single problem. We make a number of contributions in the automated modelling and...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Artificial intelligence Vol. 251; pp. 35 - 61 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Amsterdam
Elsevier B.V
01.10.2017
Elsevier Science Ltd |
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 0004-3702, 1872-7921 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | When solving a combinatorial problem using Constraint Programming (CP) or Satisfiability (SAT), modelling and formulation are vital and difficult tasks. Even an expert human may explore many alternatives in modelling a single problem. We make a number of contributions in the automated modelling and reformulation of constraint models. We study a range of automated reformulation techniques, finding combinations of techniques which perform particularly well together. We introduce and describe in detail a new algorithm, X-CSE, to perform Associative–Commutative Common Subexpression Elimination (AC-CSE) in constraint problems, significantly improving existing CSE techniques for associative and commutative operators such as +. We demonstrate that these reformulation techniques can be integrated in a single automated constraint modelling tool, called Savile Row, whose architecture we describe. We use Savile Row as an experimental testbed to evaluate each reformulation on a set of 50 problem classes, with 596 instances in total. Our recommended reformulations are well worthwhile even including overheads, especially on harder instances where solver time dominates. With a SAT solver we observed a geometric mean of 2.15 times speedup compared to a straightforward tailored model without recommended reformulations. Using a CP solver, we obtained a geometric mean of 5.96 times speedup for instances taking over 10 seconds to solve. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | When solving a combinatorial problem using Constraint Programming (CP) or Satisfiability (SAT), modelling and formulation are vital and difficult tasks. Even an expert human may explore many alternatives in modelling a single problem. We make a number of contributions in the automated modelling and reformulation of constraint models. We study a range of automated reformulation techniques, finding combinations of techniques which perform particularly well together. We introduce and describe in detail a new algorithm, X-CSE, to perform Associative-Commutative Common Subexpression Elimination (AC-CSE) in constraint problems, significantly improving existing CSE techniques for associative and commutative operators such as +. We demonstrate that these reformulation techniques can be integrated in a single automated constraint modelling tool, called Savile Row, whose architecture we describe. We use Savile Row as an experimental testbed to evaluate each reformulation on a set of 50 problem classes, with 596 instances in total. Our recommended reformulations are well worthwhile even including overheads, especially on harder instances where solver time dominates. With a SAT solver we observed a geometric mean of 2.15 times speedup compared to a straightforward tailored model without recommended reformulations. Using a CP solver, we obtained a geometric mean of 5.96 times speedup for instances taking over 10 seconds to solve. |
| Author | Akgün, Özgür Gent, Ian P. Miguel, Ian Nightingale, Peter Jefferson, Christopher Spracklen, Patrick |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Peter orcidid: 0000-0002-5052-8634 surname: Nightingale fullname: Nightingale, Peter email: pwn1@st-andrews.ac.uk – sequence: 2 givenname: Özgür surname: Akgün fullname: Akgün, Özgür email: ozgur.akgun@st-andrews.ac.uk – sequence: 3 givenname: Ian P. surname: Gent fullname: Gent, Ian P. email: ian.gent@st-andrews.ac.uk – sequence: 4 givenname: Christopher surname: Jefferson fullname: Jefferson, Christopher email: caj21@st-andrews.ac.uk – sequence: 5 givenname: Ian surname: Miguel fullname: Miguel, Ian email: ijm@st-andrews.ac.uk – sequence: 6 givenname: Patrick surname: Spracklen fullname: Spracklen, Patrick email: jlps@st-andrews.ac.uk |
| BookMark | eNqFUFtLwzAUDjLBbfoPfCj43Jo0XZr4IIzhDQaCl-eQpmeS0iUzySb796bUJx8UDhwOfJfzfTM0sc4CQpcEFwQTdt0VykdjY1FiUhc4DSYnaEp4Xea1KMkETTHGVU5rXJ6hWQhdOqkQZIrq5T66rYpGq74_Zma78-5g7EemnQ3Rq6SabV0LfciMzV7VwfSQvbivc3S6UX2Ai589R-_3d2-rx3z9_PC0Wq5zTWkV88VgpHSJOdUtEwBEcAyK1QCMs6ZpFJRcaSaornHDGeA2wbnmiraEg6BzdDXqpr8-9xCi7Nze22QpiWC0oqSqFgl1M6K0dyF42EhtYgrl7BChlwTLoSjZybEoORQlcRpMErn6Rd55s1X--B_tdqSlbuBgwMugDVgNrfGgo2yd-VvgG1gBhwI |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_artint_2023_103915 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10601_023_09364_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_artint_2021_103604 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_artint_2021_103599 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_artint_2022_103751 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10601_019_09307_9 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10601_024_09370_x crossref_primary_10_1017_S1471068418000340 crossref_primary_10_1090_mcom_3814 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_artint_2024_104277 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10601_017_9280_3 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10601_021_09321_w crossref_primary_10_1109_TVCG_2019_2895085 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10601_017_9275_0 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1057/jors.2011.165 10.1016/S0004-3702(01)00104-7 10.1007/s10601-008-9061-0 10.1016/j.artint.2010.07.001 10.1613/jair.3180 10.1007/BF00246021 10.1023/A:1020506526052 10.1007/s10601-006-9014-4 10.1016/j.artint.2010.10.005 10.1145/390013.808480 10.1007/s10601-014-9164-8 10.1023/A:1008287028851 10.1007/s10601-009-9080-5 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2017 Elsevier B.V. Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Oct 2017 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2017 Elsevier B.V. – notice: Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Oct 2017 |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION 7SC 8FD JQ2 L7M L~C L~D |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Technology Research Database ProQuest Computer Science Collection Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Technology Research Database Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace ProQuest Computer Science Collection Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional |
| DatabaseTitleList | Computer and Information Systems Abstracts |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Computer Science |
| EISSN | 1872-7921 |
| EndPage | 61 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1016_j_artint_2017_07_001 S0004370217300747 |
| GroupedDBID | --K --M --Z -~X .DC .~1 0R~ 1B1 1~. 1~5 23N 4.4 457 4G. 5GY 5VS 6I. 6J9 6TJ 7-5 71M 77K 8P~ 9JN AACTN AAEDT AAEDW AAFTH AAIAV AAIKJ AAKOC AAKPC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAQXK AAXUO AAYFN ABBOA ABFNM ABFRF ABJNI ABMAC ABVKL ABXDB ABYKQ ACDAQ ACGFO ACGFS ACNCT ACNNM ACRLP ACWUS ACZNC ADBBV ADEZE ADMUD AEBSH AECPX AEFWE AEKER AENEX AETEA AEXQZ AFKWA AFTJW AGHFR AGUBO AGYEJ AHHHB AHJVU AHZHX AIALX AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AJBFU AJOXV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMFUW AMRAJ AOUOD ASPBG AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN BJAXD BKOJK BLXMC CS3 E3Z EBS EFJIC EFLBG EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 F0J F5P FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-2 G-Q G8K GBLVA GBOLZ HLZ HVGLF HZ~ IHE IXB J1W JJJVA KOM KQ8 LG9 LY7 M41 MO0 MVM N9A NCXOZ O-L O9- OAUVE OK1 OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. PQQKQ Q38 R2- RIG RNS ROL RPZ SBC SDF SDG SDP SES SET SEW SPC SPCBC SST SSV SSZ T5K TAE TN5 TR2 TWZ UPT UQL VQA WH7 WUQ XFK XJE XJT XPP XSW ZMT ~02 ~G- 77I 9DU AATTM AAXKI AAYWO AAYXX ABDPE ABWVN ACLOT ACRPL ACVFH ADCNI ADNMO ADVLN AEIPS AEUPX AFJKZ AFPUW AGQPQ AIGII AIIUN AKBMS AKRWK AKYEP ANKPU APXCP CITATION EFKBS ~HD 7SC 8FD JQ2 L7M L~C L~D |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c334t-50003ac2083cd69ee1980ea67ee686bbbae28ac693c70b86e0d3ac8c8a3d18e93 |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 37 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000411167600002&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 0004-3702 |
| IngestDate | Sun Nov 09 06:13:32 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:42:20 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 06:08:10 EST 2025 Fri Feb 23 02:31:58 EST 2024 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Keywords | Constraint satisfaction Common subexpression elimination Modelling Propositional satisfiability Reformulation |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | OpenURL |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c334t-50003ac2083cd69ee1980ea67ee686bbbae28ac693c70b86e0d3ac8c8a3d18e93 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5052-8634 |
| PQID | 1963431445 |
| PQPubID | 2038285 |
| PageCount | 27 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_journals_1963431445 crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_artint_2017_07_001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_artint_2017_07_001 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_artint_2017_07_001 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | October 2017 2017-10-00 20171001 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2017-10-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 10 year: 2017 text: October 2017 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | Amsterdam |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Amsterdam |
| PublicationTitle | Artificial intelligence |
| PublicationYear | 2017 |
| Publisher | Elsevier B.V Elsevier Science Ltd |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier B.V – name: Elsevier Science Ltd |
| References | Bessière, Coletta, Petit (br0080) 2007 Estellon, Gardi (br0180) 2013; 64 Beldiceanu, Simonis (br0050) 2011 Rendl, Miguel, Gent, Jefferson (br0600) 2009 Frisch, Miguel, Walsh (br0240) 2002; vol. 2627 Frühwirth (br0270) 2015 Moskewicz, Madigan, Zhao, Zhang, Malik (br0440) 2001 Régin (br0560) 1996 Tamura, Taga, Kitagawa, Banbara (br0670) 2009; 14 Flener, Frisch, Hnich, Kiziltan, Miguel, Pearson, Walsh (br0190) 2002 Gent, Jefferson, Miguel (br0300) 2006 Meseguer, Torras (br0430) 2001; 129 Charnley, Colton, Miguel (br0120) 2006 Marques-Silva (br0400) 2008 Hillier, Lieberman (br0320) 2010 Duck, De Koninck, Stuckey (br0160) 2008 de la Banda, Marriott, Rafeh, Wallace (br0030) 2006 Choi, Lee (br0140) 2007 Eén, Biere (br0170) 2005 Yan, Gutierrez, Jeriah, Bao, Zhang (br0700) 2015 (br0610) 2006 Frisch, Jefferson, Miguel (br0230) 2004 Brand, Narodytska, Quimper, Stuckey, Walsh (br0110) 2007 Gent (br0290) 2002 Walsh (br0690) 2000; vol. 1894 van Hoeve, Pesant, Rousseau, Sabharwal (br0330) 2006 Parrello, Kabat, Wos (br0510) 1986; 2 Nightingale (br0460) 2011; 175 Nightingale, Spracklen, Miguel (br0500) 2015 Prestwich (br0520) Subbarayan, Pradhan (br0660) 2005 Barrett, Conway, Deters, Hadarean, Jovanović, King, Reynolds, Tinelli (br0040) 2011 Prestwich (br0530) 2009; vol. 185 Stuckey, Tack (br0650) 2013 Bessière, Cardon, Debruyne, Lecoutre (br0070) 2011; 16 Bessière, Paparrizou, Stergiou (br0090) 2015 Cocke (br0150) 1970; 5 Nightingale (br0450) Jefferson, Moore, Nightingale, Petrie (br0350) 2010; 174 Régin (br0570) 2002; 7 Puget (br0550) 2003; vol. 2833 Lecoutre, Cardon, Vion (br0370) 2011; 40 Nightingale, Akgün, Gent, Jefferson, Miguel (br0470) 2014 Mears, Niven, Jackson, Wallace (br0420) 2011 Järvisalo, Heule, Biere (br0340) 2012 Leo, Tack (br0390) 2015 Araya, Neveu, Trombettoni (br0020) 2008 Choi, Harvey, Lee, Stuckey (br0130) 2006 (br0280) 2016 Flener, Pearson, Reyna, Sivertsson (br0200) 2007; 12 Gent, Miguel, Rendl (br0310) 2007 Régin, Puget (br0580) 1997 Nightingale, Rendl (br0490) 2016 Van Hentenryck (br0680) 1999 Frisch, Jefferson, Miguel (br0210) Mears, de la Banda (br0410) 2015 Frisch, Jefferson, Miguel (br0220) 2003 Achterberg, Bixby, Gu, Rothberg, Weninger (br0010) 2016 Bergman, Hooker (br0060) 2014; 19 Biere, Heule, van Maaren (br0100) 2009; vol. 185 Smith (br0640) 2005 Frisch, Stuckey (br0250) 2009 Frühwirth (br0260) 2009 Rendl (br0590) 2010 Puget (br0540) 2004 Shang, Wah (br0620) 1998; 12 Silva, Lynce (br0630) 2007 Nightingale, Akgün, Gent, Jefferson, Miguel, Spracklen (br0480) 2017 Leo, Mears, Tack, de la Banda (br0380) 2013 Laborie, Refalo, Shaw (br0360) 2013 Prestwich (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0530) 2009; vol. 185 Parrello (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0510) 1986; 2 Régin (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0560) 1996 Prestwich (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0520) Beldiceanu (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0050) 2011 Frisch (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0220) 2003 Frisch (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0250) 2009 Tamura (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0670) 2009; 14 Frisch (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0230) 2004 Van Hentenryck (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0680) 1999 Régin (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0570) 2002; 7 Yan (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0700) 2015 Gent (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0310) 2007 Gent (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0300) 2006 Shang (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0620) 1998; 12 Frisch (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0210) Moskewicz (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0440) 2001 Meseguer (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0430) 2001; 129 Nightingale (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0460) 2011; 175 Rendl (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0600) 2009 Achterberg (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0010) 2016 Bessière (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0080) 2007 Gent (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0290) 2002 Leo (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0390) 2015 Puget (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0540) 2004 Lecoutre (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0370) 2011; 40 Cocke (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0150) 1970; 5 Flener (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0200) 2007; 12 Marques-Silva (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0400) 2008 Frühwirth (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0270) 2015 Hillier (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0320) 2010 Flener (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0190) 2002 Laborie (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0360) Régin (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0580) 1997 Duck (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0160) 2008 Frisch (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0240) 2002; vol. 2627 Jefferson (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0350) 2010; 174 Smith (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0640) 2005 Choi (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0140) 2007 Choi (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0130) 2006 van Hoeve (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0330) 2006 Silva (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0630) 2007 Charnley (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0120) 2006 (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0610) 2006 Bergman (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0060) 2014; 19 Biere (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0100) 2009; vol. 185 Nightingale (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0470) 2014 Frühwirth (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0260) 2009 Nightingale (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0480) 2017 Puget (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0550) 2003; vol. 2833 Mears (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0410) 2015 Araya (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0020) 2008 Mears (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0420) 2011 Leo (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0380) 2013 Eén (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0170) 2005 Subbarayan (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0660) 2005 Walsh (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0690) 2000; vol. 1894 Nightingale (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0500) 2015 de la Banda (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0030) 2006 Rendl (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0590) 2010 Nightingale (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0490) Bessière (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0070) 2011; 16 Barrett (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0040) 2011 Järvisalo (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0340) 2012 Stuckey (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0650) 2013 Nightingale (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0450) Bessière (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0090) 2015 Brand (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0110) 2007 Estellon (10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0180) 2013; 64 |
| References_xml | – start-page: 700 year: 2006 end-page: 705 ident: br0030 article-title: The modelling language Zinc publication-title: Proc. 12th International Conference on the Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming – year: 2013 ident: br0360 article-title: Model presolve, warmstart and conflict refining in CP Optimizer – start-page: 268 year: 2013 end-page: 283 ident: br0650 article-title: MiniZinc with functions publication-title: Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Integration of AI and OR Techniques – start-page: 530 year: 2001 end-page: 535 ident: br0440 article-title: Chaff: engineering an efficient SAT solver publication-title: Proceedings of the 38th annual Design Automation Conference – start-page: 590 year: 2014 end-page: 605 ident: br0470 article-title: Automatically improving constraint models in Savile Row through associative–commutative common subexpression elimination publication-title: 20th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming – start-page: 121 year: 2002 end-page: 125 ident: br0290 article-title: Arc consistency in SAT publication-title: Proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence – start-page: 98 year: 2006 end-page: 102 ident: br0300 article-title: Minion: a fast scalable constraint solver publication-title: Proceedings ECAI 2006 – start-page: 462 year: 2002 end-page: 476 ident: br0190 article-title: Breaking row and column symmetries in matrix models publication-title: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming – volume: 5 start-page: 20 year: 1970 end-page: 24 ident: br0150 article-title: Global common subexpression elimination publication-title: ACM SIGPLAN Not. – start-page: 367 year: 2009 end-page: 382 ident: br0250 article-title: The proper treatment of undefinedness in constraint languages publication-title: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming – start-page: 336 year: 2005 end-page: 350 ident: br0640 article-title: Symmetry and search in a network design problem publication-title: 2nd International Conference on Integration of AI and OR Techniques in Constraint Programming for Combinatorial Optimization Problems – year: 2016 ident: br0490 article-title: Essence' description – year: 2010 ident: br0590 article-title: Effective Compilation of Constraint Models – volume: 16 start-page: 25 year: 2011 end-page: 53 ident: br0070 article-title: Efficient algorithms for singleton arc consistency publication-title: Constraints – start-page: 483 year: 2007 end-page: 497 ident: br0630 article-title: Towards robust CNF encodings of cardinality constraints publication-title: Proc. 13th Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming – start-page: 44 year: 2007 end-page: 49 ident: br0080 article-title: Learning implied global constraints publication-title: Proceedings of the 20th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence – start-page: 61 year: 2005 end-page: 75 ident: br0170 article-title: Effective preprocessing in SAT through variable and clause elimination publication-title: International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing – volume: 7 start-page: 387 year: 2002 end-page: 405 ident: br0570 article-title: Cost based arc consistency for global cardinality constraints publication-title: Constraints – year: 2004 ident: br0230 article-title: Symmetry-breaking as a prelude to implied constraints: a constraint modelling pattern publication-title: Proc. 16th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence – year: 2017 ident: br0480 article-title: Automatically Improving Constraint Models in Savile Row: Supplementary Material – ident: br0520 article-title: CSPLib problem 028: balanced incomplete block designs – volume: vol. 2833 start-page: 585 year: 2003 end-page: 599 ident: br0550 article-title: Symmetry breaking using stabilizers publication-title: CP – volume: 175 start-page: 586 year: 2011 end-page: 614 ident: br0460 article-title: The extended global cardinality constraint: an empirical survey publication-title: Artif. Intell. – start-page: 13 year: 2015 end-page: 34 ident: br0270 article-title: Constraint handling rules – what else? publication-title: Rule Technologies: Foundations, Tools, and Applications – start-page: 432 year: 2013 end-page: 447 ident: br0380 article-title: Globalizing constraint models publication-title: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference of the Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming – volume: vol. 185 year: 2009 ident: br0100 article-title: Handbook of Satisfiability – volume: 19 start-page: 404 year: 2014 end-page: 433 ident: br0060 article-title: Graph coloring inequalities from all-different systems publication-title: Constraints – start-page: 360 year: 2015 end-page: 366 ident: br0410 article-title: Towards automatic dominance breaking for constraint optimization problems publication-title: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence – volume: vol. 185 start-page: 75 year: 2009 end-page: 97 ident: br0530 article-title: CNF encodings publication-title: Handbook of Satisfiability – volume: vol. 1894 start-page: 441 year: 2000 end-page: 456 ident: br0690 article-title: SAT v CSP publication-title: Proc. 6th International Conference on the Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming – start-page: 171 year: 2011 end-page: 177 ident: br0040 article-title: CVC4 publication-title: Proceedings of Computer Aided Verification – start-page: 32 year: 1997 end-page: 46 ident: br0580 article-title: A filtering algorithm for global sequencing constraints publication-title: Proc. 3rd Constraint Programming – start-page: 33 year: 2007 end-page: 48 ident: br0140 article-title: Solving the salinity control problem in a potable water system publication-title: Proc. 13th Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming – year: 2010 ident: br0320 article-title: Introduction to Operations Research – start-page: 346 year: 2015 end-page: 352 ident: br0390 article-title: Multi-pass high-level presolving publication-title: Proceedings of the 24th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence – start-page: 210 year: 2007 end-page: 224 ident: br0110 article-title: Encodings of the sequence constraint publication-title: Proc. 13th Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming – volume: 129 start-page: 133 year: 2001 end-page: 163 ident: br0430 article-title: Exploiting symmetries within constraint satisfaction search publication-title: Artif. Intell. – year: 2009 ident: br0600 article-title: Automatically enhancing constraint model instances during tailoring publication-title: SARA – start-page: 3717 year: 2015 end-page: 3723 ident: br0090 article-title: Strong bounds consistencies and their application to linear constraints publication-title: Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence – volume: 64 start-page: 1503 year: 2013 end-page: 1504 ident: br0180 article-title: Car sequencing is NP-hard: a short proof publication-title: J. Oper. Res. Soc. – start-page: 342 year: 2008 end-page: 357 ident: br0020 article-title: Exploiting common subexpressions in numerical CSPs publication-title: Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming – year: 2016 ident: br0010 article-title: Presolve Reductions in Mixed Integer Programming – start-page: 184 year: 2007 end-page: 199 ident: br0310 article-title: Tailoring solver-independent constraint models: a case study with Essence′ and Minion publication-title: Proceedings of the Seventh Symposium on Abstraction, Reformulation, and Approximation – volume: 12 start-page: 179 year: 2007 end-page: 205 ident: br0200 article-title: Design of financial CDO squared transactions using constraint programming publication-title: Constraints – start-page: 531 year: 2008 end-page: 545 ident: br0160 article-title: Cadmium: an implementation of ACD term rewriting publication-title: Proceedings of the International Conference on Logic Programming – start-page: 620 year: 2006 end-page: 634 ident: br0330 article-title: Revisiting the sequence constraint publication-title: Proc. 12th Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming – start-page: 4224 year: 2015 end-page: 4225 ident: br0700 article-title: Accelerating SAT solving by common subclause elimination publication-title: Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence – start-page: 276 year: 2005 end-page: 291 ident: br0660 article-title: NiVER: non increasing variable elimination resolution for preprocessing SAT instances publication-title: Eighth International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing – start-page: 73 year: 2006 end-page: 77 ident: br0120 article-title: Automatic generation of implied constraints publication-title: Proceedings of the 17th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence – ident: br0210 article-title: CSPLib problem 035: Molnar's problem – start-page: 591 year: 2011 end-page: 605 ident: br0420 article-title: Proving symmetries by model transformation publication-title: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on the Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming – start-page: 12 year: 2011 end-page: 26 ident: br0050 article-title: A constraint seeker: finding and ranking global constraints from examples publication-title: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on the Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming – start-page: 5 year: 2004 end-page: 8 ident: br0540 article-title: Constraint programming next challenge: simplicity of use publication-title: Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming – year: 2016 ident: br0280 article-title: Gecode: generic constraint development environment – year: 1999 ident: br0680 article-title: The OPL Optimization Programming Language – start-page: 49 year: 2006 end-page: 58 ident: br0130 article-title: Finite domain bounds consistency revisited publication-title: Proc. 19th Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence – start-page: 74 year: 2008 end-page: 80 ident: br0400 article-title: Practical applications of boolean satisfiability publication-title: 9th International Workshop on Discrete Event Systems – start-page: 209 year: 1996 end-page: 215 ident: br0560 article-title: Generalized arc consistency for global cardinality constraint publication-title: Proceedings AAAI 1996 – ident: br0450 article-title: CSPLib problem 057: Killer Sudoku – volume: 2 start-page: 1 year: 1986 end-page: 42 ident: br0510 article-title: Job-shop scheduling using automated reasoning: a case study of the car-sequencing problem publication-title: J. Autom. Reason. – volume: 14 start-page: 254 year: 2009 end-page: 272 ident: br0670 article-title: Compiling finite linear CSP into SAT publication-title: Constraints – start-page: 355 year: 2012 end-page: 370 ident: br0340 article-title: Inprocessing rules publication-title: Automated Reasoning, 6th International Joint Conference – start-page: 330 year: 2015 end-page: 340 ident: br0500 article-title: Automatically improving SAT encoding of constraint problems through common subexpression elimination in Savile Row publication-title: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming – volume: 40 start-page: 175 year: 2011 end-page: 219 ident: br0370 article-title: Second-order consistencies publication-title: J. Artif. Intell. Res. – volume: 12 start-page: 61 year: 1998 end-page: 99 ident: br0620 article-title: A discrete lagrangian-based global-search method for solving satisfiability problems publication-title: J. Glob. Optim. – year: 2009 ident: br0260 article-title: Constraint Handling Rules – year: 2006 ident: br0610 publication-title: Handbook of Constraint Programming – volume: 174 start-page: 1407 year: 2010 end-page: 1429 ident: br0350 article-title: Implementing logical connectives in constraint programming publication-title: Artif. Intell. – start-page: 318 year: 2003 end-page: 332 ident: br0220 article-title: Constraints for breaking more row and column symmetries publication-title: Proceedings CP 2003 – volume: vol. 2627 start-page: 15 year: 2002 end-page: 30 ident: br0240 article-title: CGRASS: a system for transforming constraint satisfaction problems publication-title: International Workshop on Constraint Solving and Constraint Logic Programming – start-page: 268 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0650 article-title: MiniZinc with functions – start-page: 98 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0300 article-title: Minion: a fast scalable constraint solver – start-page: 184 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0310 article-title: Tailoring solver-independent constraint models: a case study with Essence′ and Minion – volume: vol. 2627 start-page: 15 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0240 article-title: CGRASS: a system for transforming constraint satisfaction problems – year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0320 – start-page: 13 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0270 article-title: Constraint handling rules – what else? – year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0480 – start-page: 483 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0630 article-title: Towards robust CNF encodings of cardinality constraints – start-page: 367 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0250 article-title: The proper treatment of undefinedness in constraint languages – volume: 64 start-page: 1503 issue: 10 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0180 article-title: Car sequencing is NP-hard: a short proof publication-title: J. Oper. Res. Soc. doi: 10.1057/jors.2011.165 – start-page: 355 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0340 article-title: Inprocessing rules – year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0010 – volume: 129 start-page: 133 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0430 article-title: Exploiting symmetries within constraint satisfaction search publication-title: Artif. Intell. doi: 10.1016/S0004-3702(01)00104-7 – volume: 14 start-page: 254 issue: 2 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0670 article-title: Compiling finite linear CSP into SAT publication-title: Constraints doi: 10.1007/s10601-008-9061-0 – volume: 174 start-page: 1407 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0350 article-title: Implementing logical connectives in constraint programming publication-title: Artif. Intell. doi: 10.1016/j.artint.2010.07.001 – start-page: 342 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0020 article-title: Exploiting common subexpressions in numerical CSPs – ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0490 – volume: 40 start-page: 175 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0370 article-title: Second-order consistencies publication-title: J. Artif. Intell. Res. doi: 10.1613/jair.3180 – year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0610 – volume: 2 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 1986 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0510 article-title: Job-shop scheduling using automated reasoning: a case study of the car-sequencing problem publication-title: J. Autom. Reason. doi: 10.1007/BF00246021 – start-page: 121 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0290 article-title: Arc consistency in SAT – start-page: 318 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0220 article-title: Constraints for breaking more row and column symmetries – start-page: 346 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0390 article-title: Multi-pass high-level presolving – start-page: 4224 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0700 article-title: Accelerating SAT solving by common subclause elimination – ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0520 – ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0210 – start-page: 330 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0500 article-title: Automatically improving SAT encoding of constraint problems through common subexpression elimination in Savile Row – ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0360 – start-page: 276 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0660 article-title: NiVER: non increasing variable elimination resolution for preprocessing SAT instances – start-page: 32 year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0580 article-title: A filtering algorithm for global sequencing constraints – volume: vol. 185 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0100 – start-page: 44 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0080 article-title: Learning implied global constraints – start-page: 171 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0040 article-title: CVC4 – volume: 7 start-page: 387 issue: 3–4 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0570 article-title: Cost based arc consistency for global cardinality constraints publication-title: Constraints doi: 10.1023/A:1020506526052 – year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0590 – volume: 12 start-page: 179 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0200 article-title: Design of financial CDO squared transactions using constraint programming publication-title: Constraints doi: 10.1007/s10601-006-9014-4 – year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0600 article-title: Automatically enhancing constraint model instances during tailoring – start-page: 462 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0190 article-title: Breaking row and column symmetries in matrix models – start-page: 590 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0470 article-title: Automatically improving constraint models in Savile Row through associative–commutative common subexpression elimination – start-page: 73 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0120 article-title: Automatic generation of implied constraints – year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0680 – start-page: 210 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0110 article-title: Encodings of the sequence constraint – start-page: 700 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0030 article-title: The modelling language Zinc – ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0450 – start-page: 336 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0640 article-title: Symmetry and search in a network design problem – start-page: 12 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0050 article-title: A constraint seeker: finding and ranking global constraints from examples – start-page: 74 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0400 article-title: Practical applications of boolean satisfiability – start-page: 530 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0440 article-title: Chaff: engineering an efficient SAT solver – start-page: 620 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0330 article-title: Revisiting the sequence constraint – start-page: 61 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0170 article-title: Effective preprocessing in SAT through variable and clause elimination – start-page: 360 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0410 article-title: Towards automatic dominance breaking for constraint optimization problems – volume: 175 start-page: 586 issue: 2 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0460 article-title: The extended global cardinality constraint: an empirical survey publication-title: Artif. Intell. doi: 10.1016/j.artint.2010.10.005 – start-page: 5 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0540 article-title: Constraint programming next challenge: simplicity of use – start-page: 49 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0130 article-title: Finite domain bounds consistency revisited – volume: vol. 2833 start-page: 585 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0550 article-title: Symmetry breaking using stabilizers – volume: 5 start-page: 20 issue: 7 year: 1970 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0150 article-title: Global common subexpression elimination publication-title: ACM SIGPLAN Not. doi: 10.1145/390013.808480 – start-page: 432 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0380 article-title: Globalizing constraint models – start-page: 3717 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0090 article-title: Strong bounds consistencies and their application to linear constraints – start-page: 209 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0560 article-title: Generalized arc consistency for global cardinality constraint – year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0260 – year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0230 article-title: Symmetry-breaking as a prelude to implied constraints: a constraint modelling pattern – start-page: 591 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0420 article-title: Proving symmetries by model transformation – volume: vol. 185 start-page: 75 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0530 article-title: CNF encodings – volume: 19 start-page: 404 issue: 4 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0060 article-title: Graph coloring inequalities from all-different systems publication-title: Constraints doi: 10.1007/s10601-014-9164-8 – volume: 12 start-page: 61 issue: 1 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0620 article-title: A discrete lagrangian-based global-search method for solving satisfiability problems publication-title: J. Glob. Optim. doi: 10.1023/A:1008287028851 – start-page: 33 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0140 article-title: Solving the salinity control problem in a potable water system – volume: vol. 1894 start-page: 441 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0690 article-title: SAT v CSP – volume: 16 start-page: 25 issue: 1 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0070 article-title: Efficient algorithms for singleton arc consistency publication-title: Constraints doi: 10.1007/s10601-009-9080-5 – start-page: 531 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001_br0160 article-title: Cadmium: an implementation of ACD term rewriting |
| SSID | ssj0003991 |
| Score | 2.4938402 |
| Snippet | When solving a combinatorial problem using Constraint Programming (CP) or Satisfiability (SAT), modelling and formulation are vital and difficult tasks. Even... |
| SourceID | proquest crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 35 |
| SubjectTerms | Combinatorial analysis Common subexpression elimination Commutativity Computer programming Constraint modelling Constraint satisfaction Modelling Problem solving Propositional satisfiability Reformulation Theory of constraints |
| Title | Automatically improving constraint models in Savile Row |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2017.07.001 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1963431445 |
| Volume | 251 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000411167600002&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Elsevier SD Freedom Collection Journals 2021 customDbUrl: eissn: 1872-7921 dateEnd: 20180131 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0003991 issn: 0004-3702 databaseCode: AIEXJ dateStart: 19950101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1LT9wwELZWwKGXPihVaWnlA7cqKJuHYx9TRFuqCiEK0t4sv1JBV1m0G7aUX9_xK7sLaoFDL1FkOd5sZvLNOP78DUK7WjdNKkuVlILopBANBRyUadJAqFaFVpk0TsT1W3V0REcjdjwY3MS9MPNx1bb0-ppd_ldTQxsY226dfYS5-0GhAc7B6HAEs8PxQYavr7qJ02EV4_FvuwsyfDRQNhO0BSE6X_7GEWG_iznAwoeTya_lLLWeOgaRq-exJNm5WMOACb0tpe2pyCsU3_rnD7v2_nHfoZk9ZeQmNPWdPhuvdnBoEXivJ_FYbsl0FmkAvejB8ocJCHaR4rYA2wLwK10B2yzIy3q49EolIfB6UfY7kO6_LlzsOVUFy34dVk5uNfzUioL2rcjW8w0jle2C-1G4HYWndukdZs7rWVUyQMT1-vBg9LWP45C6hXqL_m_EjZeOHXj3bv6W2NwK8S5vOX2OnoYJB669o7xAA9NuomexmAcO2P4SVSt-g3u_wQu_wd5v8HmLvd9g8JstdPbp4HT_SxKqaiQqz4susRUwcivMSXOlCTNmyGhqBKmMIZRIKYXJqFCE5apKJSUm1dCdKipyPaSG5a_QWjtpzWuEhZaEQoxomBkWRjMqBVW6JCZLVUaM2EZ5fCRcBcl5e8Nj_i-DbKOkv-rSS67c07-KT5uHtNGngxxc6J4rd6JxeHiDZ9yGJMiqi6J888gbeYueLN6DHbTWTa_MO7Sh5t35bPo-uNcfBlKbeA |
| linkProvider | Elsevier |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Automatically+improving+constraint+models+in+Savile+Row&rft.jtitle=Artificial+intelligence&rft.au=Nightingale%2C+Peter&rft.au=Akg%C3%BCn%2C+%C3%96zg%C3%BCr&rft.au=Gent%2C+Ian+P.&rft.au=Jefferson%2C+Christopher&rft.date=2017-10-01&rft.issn=0004-3702&rft.volume=251&rft.spage=35&rft.epage=61&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.artint.2017.07.001&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1016_j_artint_2017_07_001 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0004-3702&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0004-3702&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0004-3702&client=summon |