Oxidative stress pathways in pancreatic β-cells and insulin-sensitive cells and tissues: importance to cell metabolism, function, and dysfunction

It is now accepted that nutrient abundance in the blood, especially glucose, leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately leading to increased oxidative stress in a variety of tissues. In the absence of an appropriate compensatory response from antioxidant mechanisms, the cel...

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Vydané v:	American Journal of Physiology: Cell Physiology Ročník 317; číslo 3; s. C420
Hlavní autori:	Newsholme, Philip, Keane, Kevin N, Carlessi, Rodrigo, Cruzat, Vinicius
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	United States 01.09.2019
Predmet:	Animals Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism Energy Metabolism - physiology Humans Insulin - metabolism Insulin Resistance - physiology Insulin-Secreting Cells - metabolism Oxidative Stress - physiology Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism Signal Transduction - physiology manganese superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase-2 oxygen species uncoupling protein
ISSN:	1522-1563, 1522-1563
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Popis
Shrnutí:	It is now accepted that nutrient abundance in the blood, especially glucose, leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately leading to increased oxidative stress in a variety of tissues. In the absence of an appropriate compensatory response from antioxidant mechanisms, the cell, or indeed the tissue, becomes overwhelmed by oxidative stress, leading to the activation of intracellular stress-associated pathways. Activation of the same or similar pathways also appears to play a role in mediating insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and late diabetic complications. The ability of antioxidants to protect against the oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia and elevated free fatty acid (FFA) levels in vitro suggests a causative role of oxidative stress in mediating the latter clinical conditions. In this review, we describe common biochemical processes associated with oxidative stress driven by hyperglycemia and/or elevated FFA and the resulting clinical outcomes: β-cell dysfunction and peripheral tissue insulin resistance.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	1522-1563 1522-1563
DOI:	10.1152/ajpcell.00141.2019