Ghosts of the deep – Biodiversity, fisheries, and extinction risk of ghost sharks

Ghost sharks (subclass Holocephali) remain a largely data‐poor group of cartilaginous fishes. The general paucity of attention may partially be related to identification and unresolved taxonomic issues, occurrence in the deep oceans, and their low value and interest in fisheries (which some notable...

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Published in:Fish and fisheries (Oxford, England) Vol. 22; no. 2; pp. 391 - 412
Main Authors: Finucci, Brittany, Cheok, Jessica, Ebert, David A., Herman, Katelyn, Kyne, Peter M., Dulvy, Nicholas K.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Oxford Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.03.2021
Subjects:
Biodiversity
Bycatch
by‐catch
Callorhinchus callorynchus
chimaera
chimerism
chondrichthyan
coasts
data deficiency
East China Sea
Ecuador
Endangered & extinct species
Endemism
extinction
Fisheries
Fishing
Ghosts
Holocephali
indigenous species
IUCN Red List
liver
liver oil
Marine fishes
Mauritania
Morocco
New Zealand
Oceans
oils
Peru
risk
Sharks
Species extinction
Species richness
sustainable fisheries
Threatened species
trade
New Zealand
Ecuador
Mauritania
Morocco
East China Sea
Peru
ISSN:1467-2960, 1467-2979
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Abstract Ghost sharks (subclass Holocephali) remain a largely data‐poor group of cartilaginous fishes. The general paucity of attention may partially be related to identification and unresolved taxonomic issues, occurrence in the deep oceans, and their low value and interest in fisheries (which some notable exceptions). Here, we synthesize and assess the extinction risk of all known extant ghost sharks (52 species) by applying the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Categories and Criteria. Ghost sharks have a low proportion of threatened (8%) and Near Threatened (8%) species, with most species (69%) assessed as Least Concern. The group still exhibits some data deficiency (15%), and biological information is lacking for most species. Endemism is high, with 37% of species known from only one location or one country. Species richness was highest in the Northeast Atlantic, off the northwest coast of Africa (Morocco to Mauritania), the East China Sea, New Zealand and off the northwest coast of South America (Ecuador and Peru). Ghost sharks are predominately taken as by‐catch, but some targeted fishing and/or retention for the liver oil trade occurs. Species‐specific reporting, monitoring and management are required to assess population trends, and further investigation is needed on trade and use, particularly for higher risk species including the sicklefin chimaeras (genus Neoharriotta) and the American Elephantfish (Callorhynchus callorhynchus, Callorhinidae).
AbstractList Ghost sharks (subclass Holocephali) remain a largely data‐poor group of cartilaginous fishes. The general paucity of attention may partially be related to identification and unresolved taxonomic issues, occurrence in the deep oceans, and their low value and interest in fisheries (which some notable exceptions). Here, we synthesize and assess the extinction risk of all known extant ghost sharks (52 species) by applying the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Categories and Criteria. Ghost sharks have a low proportion of threatened (8%) and Near Threatened (8%) species, with most species (69%) assessed as Least Concern. The group still exhibits some data deficiency (15%), and biological information is lacking for most species. Endemism is high, with 37% of species known from only one location or one country. Species richness was highest in the Northeast Atlantic, off the northwest coast of Africa (Morocco to Mauritania), the East China Sea, New Zealand and off the northwest coast of South America (Ecuador and Peru). Ghost sharks are predominately taken as by‐catch, but some targeted fishing and/or retention for the liver oil trade occurs. Species‐specific reporting, monitoring and management are required to assess population trends, and further investigation is needed on trade and use, particularly for higher risk species including the sicklefin chimaeras (genus Neoharriotta) and the American Elephantfish (Callorhynchus callorhynchus, Callorhinidae).
Ghost sharks (subclass Holocephali) remain a largely data‐poor group of cartilaginous fishes. The general paucity of attention may partially be related to identification and unresolved taxonomic issues, occurrence in the deep oceans, and their low value and interest in fisheries (which some notable exceptions). Here, we synthesize and assess the extinction risk of all known extant ghost sharks (52 species) by applying the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Categories and Criteria. Ghost sharks have a low proportion of threatened (8%) and Near Threatened (8%) species, with most species (69%) assessed as Least Concern. The group still exhibits some data deficiency (15%), and biological information is lacking for most species. Endemism is high, with 37% of species known from only one location or one country. Species richness was highest in the Northeast Atlantic, off the northwest coast of Africa (Morocco to Mauritania), the East China Sea, New Zealand and off the northwest coast of South America (Ecuador and Peru). Ghost sharks are predominately taken as by‐catch, but some targeted fishing and/or retention for the liver oil trade occurs. Species‐specific reporting, monitoring and management are required to assess population trends, and further investigation is needed on trade and use, particularly for higher risk species including the sicklefin chimaeras (genus Neoharriotta ) and the American Elephantfish ( Callorhynchus callorhynchus , Callorhinidae).
Author Kyne, Peter M.
Finucci, Brittany
Ebert, David A.
Dulvy, Nicholas K.
Herman, Katelyn
Cheok, Jessica
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  surname: Dulvy
  fullname: Dulvy, Nicholas K.
  organization: Simon Fraser University
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– volume-title: Evaluation of effects of targeting breeding elephant fish by recreational fishers in Western Port
  year: 2009
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– ident: e_1_2_7_71_1
  doi: 10.1071/MF97076
– volume-title: The Western Port Marine Environment
  year: 1996
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Snippet Ghost sharks (subclass Holocephali) remain a largely data‐poor group of cartilaginous fishes. The general paucity of attention may partially be related to...
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StartPage 391
SubjectTerms Biodiversity
Bycatch
by‐catch
Callorhinchus callorynchus
chimaera
chimerism
chondrichthyan
coasts
data deficiency
East China Sea
Ecuador
Endangered & extinct species
Endemism
extinction
Fisheries
Fishing
Ghosts
Holocephali
indigenous species
IUCN Red List
liver
liver oil
Marine fishes
Mauritania
Morocco
New Zealand
Oceans
oils
Peru
risk
Sharks
Species extinction
Species richness
sustainable fisheries
Threatened species
trade
Title Ghosts of the deep – Biodiversity, fisheries, and extinction risk of ghost sharks
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Ffaf.12526
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2493285791
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2540492492
Volume 22
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