Sex differences in behavior, immune function, and redox state throughout life, and their effect on the longevity of Swiss mice

Homeostatic systems (nervous, immune, and endocrine) are crucial for maintaining health throughout life and, consequently, relevant for the rate of aging and the longevity achieved. In many species, male and female mammals show different lifespans, attributed to distinct redox states, but it is scar...

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Vydané v:	Biogerontology (Dordrecht) Ročník 26; číslo 6; s. 204
Hlavní autori:	Félix, Judith, Garrido, Antonio, De la Fuente, Mónica
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 14.11.2025 Springer Nature B.V
Predmet:	Age Age Factors Aging Aging - immunology Animals Anxiety Behavior Behavior, Animal - physiology Biological markers Biomarkers Biomarkers - metabolism Biomedical and Life Sciences Cell Biology Deaths Design of experiments Developmental Biology Estrogens Female Females Function Gender differences Geriatrics/Gerontology Hormones Immune response Immune system Immune System - physiology Immunity, Innate Laboratory animals Leukocytes Life expectancy Life Sciences Longevity Longevity - immunology Longevity - physiology Longitudinal studies Male Males Mental health Mice Motor ability Nutrition research Oxidation-Reduction Oxidative Stress Preservation Redox properties Research Article Research design Sex Characteristics Sex differences Sex Factors Sexes Spain Aging Redox state Sex differences Immunology Behavior Longevity
ISSN:	1389-5729, 1573-6768, 1573-6768
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Shrnutí:	Homeostatic systems (nervous, immune, and endocrine) are crucial for maintaining health throughout life and, consequently, relevant for the rate of aging and the longevity achieved. In many species, male and female mammals show different lifespans, attributed to distinct redox states, but it is scarcely known whether sex differences in the functioning of these systems are involved. This study investigated, in an integrative view, sex differences in the nervous and immune systems of Swiss strain mice by analyzing behavior, immune function, and redox biomarkers across aging, to determine whether possible sex differences in homeostatic systems affect longevity. A longitudinal study was conducted on 20 female and male Swiss mice. At their young (2 mon), adult (7 mon), and old (18 mon) ages, subjects were subjected to a battery of behavioral tests, and peritoneal leukocytes were extracted to assess immune function and redox biomarkers. The natural deaths of animals were recorded for a longevity study. Our results indicate that sexual differences begin at a young age, and several are maintained until old age. Females, in general, show better behavior, immune function, and redox biomarkers, contributing to their higher longevity compared to males. The enhanced longevity in females may be attributable, in part, to the preservation of robust immune competence, with emphasis on innate immune functions and lower oxidative stress. The integration of behavioral and immunological profiles, together with redox biomarkers, underscores the critical importance of incorporating both sex as a biological variable in the design of aging-related research.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
ISSN:	1389-5729 1573-6768 1573-6768
DOI:	10.1007/s10522-025-10350-8