Linear Regression Algorithm for Male Nipple-Areolar Complex Anthropometry and Placement, Using Body Mass Index

Introduction The nipple-areolar complex (NAC) is important from an aesthetic and functional standpoint for both sexes; however, methodology for NAC placement in men is less established. The objectives of this research are to determine normal measurements for NAC in the male Mexican population, its a...

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Veröffentlicht in:Aesthetic plastic surgery Jg. 49; H. 12; S. 3512 - 3518
Hauptverfasser: López, Jesús Octavio Lugo, Arzac, Rodrigo Menéndez, García, Miguel Alexander Cálix, Treviño, Alejandra Rivas, García-Jiménez, Jafet
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: New York Springer US 01.06.2025
Springer Nature B.V
Schlagworte:
Adolescent
Adult
Age
Age Factors
Aged
Algorithms
Anthropometry
Anthropometry - methods
Body Mass Index
Cohort Studies
Esthetics
Females
Humans
Linear Models
Male
Mammaplasty - methods
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Mexico
Middle Aged
Nipples - anatomy & histology
Nipples - surgery
Original Articles
Otorhinolaryngology
Patients
Plastic Surgery
Reference Values
Regression analysis
Surgery
Variables
Young Adult
Mexico
Mastectomy
Gynecomastia
Transgender persons
Anthropometry
Reconstructive surgery
Nipples
ISSN:0364-216X, 1432-5241, 1432-5241
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Zusammenfassung:Introduction The nipple-areolar complex (NAC) is important from an aesthetic and functional standpoint for both sexes; however, methodology for NAC placement in men is less established. The objectives of this research are to determine normal measurements for NAC in the male Mexican population, its association with body mass index (BMI), and age, as well as presenting a reliable linear regression model for preoperative planning and placement. Methods This study was carried out on the male population of the State of Mexico. NAC anthropometry was performed on 385 adult males. Descriptive statistics were used to determine measures of central tendency and dispersion. Spearman correlation test was performed in order to evaluate the linear association between age and BMI with anthropometry, and a linear regression model was generated for the measured variables. Finally, the predicted and measured values were compared. Results BMI is strongly correlated with NAC anthropometry, an association that is independent from age. NAC diameter was also independent from BMI and age, 2.25 cm being the average. Conclusion We provide the anthropometric values obtained, and a linear regression equation which might be used in preoperative planning to determine optimal NAC placement. This method covers a wide range of BMI and age values. Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors   www.springer.com/00266 .
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ISSN:0364-216X
1432-5241
1432-5241
DOI:10.1007/s00266-025-04858-0