A review of remediation technologies for uranium-contaminated water

Uranium is a naturally existing radioactive element present in the Earth's crust. It exhibits lithophilic characteristics, indicating its tendency to be located near the surface of the Earth and tightly bound to oxygen. It is ecotoxic, hence the need for its removal from the aqueous environment...

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Veröffentlicht in:Chemosphere (Oxford) Jg. 352; S. 141322
Hauptverfasser: Ighalo, Joshua O., Chen, Zhonghao, Ohoro, Chinemerem R., Oniye, Mutiat, Igwegbe, Chinenye Adaobi, Elimhingbovo, Isaiah, Khongthaw, Banlambhabok, Dulta, Kanika, Yap, Pow-Seng, Anastopoulos, Ioannis
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: England Elsevier Ltd 01.03.2024
Schlagworte:
adsorbents
Adsorption
aerogels
biosorption
chitosan
Chlorella
Chlorella pyrenoidosa
electrocoagulation
Environmental protection
Filtration
graphene oxide
heat
hydroxyapatite
ion exchange
ligands
microfiltration
oxygen
photocatalysis
process design
Radionuclides
remediation
reverse osmosis
Separation processes
ultrafiltration
Ultrafiltration - methods
Uranium
Water Pollution
Water Purification - methods
Water treatment
Water treatment
Radionuclides
Uranium
Separation processes
Environmental protection
ISSN:0045-6535, 1879-1298, 1879-1298
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Zusammenfassung:Uranium is a naturally existing radioactive element present in the Earth's crust. It exhibits lithophilic characteristics, indicating its tendency to be located near the surface of the Earth and tightly bound to oxygen. It is ecotoxic, hence the need for its removal from the aqueous environment. This paper focuses on the variety of water treatment processes for the removal of uranium from water and this includes physical (membrane separation, adsorption and electrocoagulation), chemical (ion exchange, photocatalysis and persulfate reduction), and biological (bio-reduction and biosorption) approaches. It was observed that membrane filtration and ion exchange are the most popular and promising processes for this application. Membrane processes have high throughput but with the challenge of high power requirements and fouling. Besides high pH sensitivity, ion exchange does not have any major challenges related to its application. Several other unique observations were derived from this review. Chitosan/Chlorella pyrenoidosa composite adsorbent bearing phosphate ligand, hydroxyapatite aerogel and MXene/graphene oxide composite has shown super-adsorbent performance (>1000 mg/g uptake capacity) for uranium. Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, reverse osmosis (RO) membranes and electrocoagulation have been observed not to go below 97% uranium removal/conversion efficiency for most cases reported in the literature. Heat persulfate reduction has been explored quite recently and shown to achieve as high as 86% uranium reduction efficiency. We anticipate that future studies would explore hybrid processes (which are any combinations of multiple conventional techniques) to solve various aspects of the process design and performance challenges. [Display omitted] •U(VI) removal from water via various techniques was reviewed and compared.•Membrane filtration and ion exchange are the most promising processes for this application.•Membrane processes have high throughput but high power requirements and fouling.•Ion exchange lacks any major challenges besides pH sensitivity.•Hybrid processes could overcome process design and performance challenges.
Bibliographie:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
ObjectType-Review-3
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ISSN:0045-6535
1879-1298
1879-1298
DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141322