Continuous 2-D assignment for multitarget tracking with rotating radars
Mechanically steered scanning radars receive measurements continuously while sweeping the surveillance region. However, most target tracking algorithms, like the multiple hypothesis tracker (MHT) and the joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) techniques, wait for the end of a scan in order to p...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems Jg. 51; H. 3; S. 2193 - 2204 |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
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IEEE
01.07.2015
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
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| ISSN: | 0018-9251, 1557-9603 |
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| Abstract | Mechanically steered scanning radars receive measurements continuously while sweeping the surveillance region. However, most target tracking algorithms, like the multiple hypothesis tracker (MHT) and the joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) techniques, wait for the end of a scan in order to process the measurements and to estimate targets states. This is due to the fundamental assumption of one-to-one association between tracks and measurements and the 360° physical limit of a scan. Associating measurements to initialized tracks and filtering at the end of a complete scan may cause significant delays in target state update. In addition, association may become imperfect due to longer intervals between updates. This issue becomes significant when tracking high-speed targets with low scan rate sensors as in the airborne early warning (AEW) system. In this paper, we present a new dynamic sector processing algorithm using two-dimensional (2-D) assignment for scanning radars that report measurements within the duration of a scan. The full scan is dynamically and adaptively divided into sectors, which could be as small as a single detection, depending on the scanning rate, sparsity of targets, and required target state update speed. Measurement-to-track association, filtering, and target state update are done dynamically while sweeping from one region to another, i.e., continuous track update, limited only by the inter-measurement interval, becomes possible. The proposed algorithm offers low latency while maintaining estimation accuracy in track updates as well as efficient utilization of computational resources compared with standard frame-based tracking algorithms. Experimental results based on rotating radars demonstrate the advantages of the proposed technique. |
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| AbstractList | Mechanically steered scanning radars receive measurements continuously while sweeping the surveillance region. However, most target tracking algorithms, like the multiple hypothesis tracker (MHT) and the joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) techniques, wait for the end of a scan in order to process the measurements and to estimate targets states. This is due to the fundamental assumption of one-to-one association between tracks and measurements and the 360 degree physical limit of a scan. Associating measurements to initialized tracks and filtering at the end of a complete scan may cause significant delays in target state update. In addition, association may become imperfect due to longer intervals between updates. This issue becomes significant when tracking high-speed targets with low scan rate sensors as in the airborne early warning (AEW) system. In this paper, we present a new dynamic sector processing algorithm using two-dimensional (2-D) assignment for scanning radars that report measurements within the duration of a scan. The full scan is dynamically and adaptively divided into sectors, which could be as small as a single detection, depending on the scanning rate, sparsity of targets, and required target state update speed. Measurement-to-track association, filtering, and target state update are done dynamically while sweeping from one region to another, i.e., continuous track update, limited only by the intermeasurement interval, becomes possible. The proposed algorithm offers low latency while maintaining estimation accuracy in track updates as well as efficient utilization of computational resources compared with standard frame-based tracking algorithms. Experimental results based on rotating radars demonstrate the advantages of the proposed technique. Mechanically steered scanning radars receive measurements continuously while sweeping the surveillance region. However, most target tracking algorithms, like the multiple hypothesis tracker (MHT) and the joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) techniques, wait for the end of a scan in order to process the measurements and to estimate targets states. This is due to the fundamental assumption of one-to-one association between tracks and measurements and the 360° physical limit of a scan. Associating measurements to initialized tracks and filtering at the end of a complete scan may cause significant delays in target state update. In addition, association may become imperfect due to longer intervals between updates. This issue becomes significant when tracking high-speed targets with low scan rate sensors as in the airborne early warning (AEW) system. In this paper, we present a new dynamic sector processing algorithm using two-dimensional (2-D) assignment for scanning radars that report measurements within the duration of a scan. The full scan is dynamically and adaptively divided into sectors, which could be as small as a single detection, depending on the scanning rate, sparsity of targets, and required target state update speed. Measurement-to-track association, filtering, and target state update are done dynamically while sweeping from one region to another, i.e., continuous track update, limited only by the inter-measurement interval, becomes possible. The proposed algorithm offers low latency while maintaining estimation accuracy in track updates as well as efficient utilization of computational resources compared with standard frame-based tracking algorithms. Experimental results based on rotating radars demonstrate the advantages of the proposed technique. Mechanically steered scanning radars receive measurements continuously while sweeping the surveillance region. However, most target tracking algorithms, like the multiple hypothesis tracker (MHT) and the joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) techniques, wait for the end of a scan in order to process the measurements and to estimate targets states. This is due to the fundamental assumption of one-to-one association between tracks and measurements and the 360° physical limit of a scan. Associating measurements to initialized tracks and filtering at the end of a complete scan may cause significant delays in target state update. In addition, association may become imperfect due to longer intervals between updates. This issue becomes significant when tracking high-speed targets with low scan rate sensors as in the airborne early warning (AEW) system. In this paper, we present a new dynamic sector processing algorithm using two-dimensional (2-D) assignment for scanning radars that report measurements within the duration of a scan. The full scan is dynamically and adaptively divided into sectors, which could be as small as a single detection, depending on the scanning rate, sparsity of targets, and required target state update speed. Measurement-to-track association, filtering, and target state update are done dynamically while sweeping from one region to another, i.e., continuous track update, limited only by the intermeasurement interval, becomes possible. The proposed algorithm offers low latency while maintaining estimation accuracy in track updates as well as efficient utilization of computational resources compared with standard frame-based tracking algorithms. Experimental results based on rotating radars demonstrate the advantages of the proposed technique. |
| Author | Tharmarasa, R. Habtemariam, B. Kirubarajan, T. McDonald, M. |
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| References | ref13 ref12 ref15 ref14 bar-shalom (ref1) 1995 habtemariam (ref11) 2014 ref2 ref16 ref19 ref18 deb (ref9) 1999; 33 mills-tettey (ref17) 2007 papadimitriou (ref20) 1998 popp (ref24) 2000 ref23 ref26 ref25 clarke (ref8) 1985; 73 ref22 ref21 ref27 singh (ref28) 2005; 41 ref29 ref7 ref4 habtemariam (ref10) 2011; 8137 ref3 ref6 ref5 |
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| SubjectTerms | Algorithms Dynamics Filtering Filtration Heuristic algorithms Intervals Logic gates Radar Radar measurements Radar tracking Scanning Target tracking Tin Tracking |
| Title | Continuous 2-D assignment for multitarget tracking with rotating radars |
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