The landing gear case study: challenges and experiments

Embedded critical systems need to be validated very thoroughly; it usually results in very long and onerous test phases. Formal techniques, in particular formal specification languages and associated proof tools, could be an advantageous alternative, or at least a good complement and allow a signifi...

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Published in:	International journal on software tools for technology transfer Vol. 19; no. 2; pp. 133 - 140
Main Authors:	Boniol, Frédéric, Wiels, Virginie, Aït-Ameur, Yamine, Schewe, Klaus-Dieter
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.04.2017 Springer Nature B.V Springer Verlag
Subjects:	Computer Science Embedded Systems Introduction Software Engineering Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems Theory of Computation TIME COMBINATORIAL EXPLOSION FAILURE Landing gear FAILURE MODE REQUIREMENT
ISSN:	1433-2779, 1433-2787
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Abstract	Embedded critical systems need to be validated very thoroughly; it usually results in very long and onerous test phases. Formal techniques, in particular formal specification languages and associated proof tools, could be an advantageous alternative, or at least a good complement and allow a significant reduction of test phases. However, for these techniques to be used in practice, one issue to consider is their efficiency and scalability on complex industrial systems.Case studies have played an essential role in the history of formal methods. They have allowed to illustrate the application of formal techniques for modelling and verification, to compare different methods in terms of expressivity, performance and easiness of use. They have also permitted to enact the progress made by these methods.Dagstuhl seminar 9523 is about the famous Steam Boiler case study in 1995 had a lot of impact on the formal methods community. This case study allowed the assessment of formal techniques, the comparison of different formal techniques, the identification of areas for future work.
AbstractList	Embedded critical systems need to be validated very thoroughly; it usually results in very long and onerous test phases. Formal techniques, in particular formal specification languages and associated proof tools, could be an advantageous alternative, or at least a good complement and allow a significant reduction of test phases. However, for these techniques to be used in practice, one issue to consider is their efficiency and scalability on complex industrial systems.Case studies have played an essential role in the history of formal methods. They have allowed to illustrate the application of formal techniques for modelling and verification, to compare different methods in terms of expressivity, performance and easiness of use. They have also permitted to enact the progress made by these methods.Dagstuhl seminar 9523 is about the famous Steam Boiler case study in 1995 had a lot of impact on the formal methods community. This case study allowed the assessment of formal techniques, the comparison of different formal techniques, the identification of areas for future work.
Author	Wiels, Virginie Schewe, Klaus-Dieter Boniol, Frédéric Aït-Ameur, Yamine
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Cites_doi	10.1007/s10009-015-0394-x 10.1007/978-3-319-07512-9_1 10.1007/s10009-015-0409-7 10.1007/BFb0027227 10.1007/s10009-015-0391-0 10.1007/s10009-015-0400-3 10.1007/978-3-642-18216-7 10.1007/s10009-015-0401-2 10.1007/s10009-015-0395-9 10.1017/CBO9781139195881 10.1007/978-3-319-07512-9
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References	Arcaini, P., Gargantini, A., Riccobene, E.: Rigorous development process of a safety-critical system: from asm models to java code. Int. J. Softw. Tools Technol. Transf. doi:10.1007/s10009-015-0394-x (2016) Abrial, J.-R., Börger, E., Langmaack, H. (eds.): Formal Methods for Industrial Applications, Specifying and Programming the Steam Boiler Control (the book grow out of a Dagstuhl Seminar, June 1995). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1165. Springer, London (1996) Teodorov, C., Dhaussy, P., Le Roux, L.: Environment-driven reachability for timed systems. Safety verification of an aircraft landing gear system. Int. J. Softw. Tools Technol. Transf. doi:10.1007/s10009-015-0401-2 (2016) Farail, P., Gaufillet, P., Peres, F., Bodeveix, J.P., Filali, M., Berthomieu, B., Rodrigo, S., Vernadat, F., Garavel, H., Lang, F.: FIACRE: an intermediate language for model verification in the TOPCASED environment. In: European congress on embedded real-time software (ERTS), SEE, Toulouse (2008) Su, W., Abrial, J.R.: Aircraft landing gear system: approaches with event-b to the modelling of an industrial system. Int. J. Softw. Tools Technol. Transf. doi:10.1007/s10009-015-0400-3 (2016) Mammar, A., Laleau, R.: Modelling a landing gear system in event-b. Int. J. Softw. Tools Technol. Transf. doi:10.1007/s10009-015-0391-0 (2016) Hansen, D., Ladenberger, L., Wiegard, H., Bendisposto, J., Leuschel, M.: Validation of the abz landing gear system using prob. Int. J. Softw. Tools Technol. Transf. doi:10.1007/s10009-015-0395-9 (2016) Banach, R.: The landing gear system in multi-machine hybrid event-b. International J. Softw. Tools Technol. Transf. doi:10.1007/s10009-015-0409-7 (2016) Boniol, F., Wiels, V., Ait Ameur, Y., Schewe, K.-D.: ABZ 2014: the landing gear case study. Proceedings of case study track, held at the 4th international conference on abstract state machines, alloy, B, TLA, VDM, and Z, Toulouse, June 2–6, 2014. Communications in Computer Information Science, vol. 433. Springer, Switzerland (2014) Börger, E., Stärk, R.F.: Abstract state machines: A method for high-level system design and analysis. Springer, New York (2003) AbrialJModeling in Event-B—system and software engineering2010CambridgeCambridge University Press10.1017/CBO97811391958811213.68214 Boniol, F., Wiels, V.: The landing gear system case study. In: ABZ case study, Communications in Computer information science, vol. 433. Springer, Switzerland (2014) Abrial, J., Börger, E., Langmaack, H.: The steam boiler control specification problem. http://www.informatik.uni-kiel.de/~procos/dag9523/dag9523.html (1996) 431_CR10 431_CR13 431_CR11 431_CR12 431_CR5 431_CR4 431_CR7 431_CR6 431_CR9 J Abrial (431_CR1) 2010 431_CR8 431_CR3 431_CR2
References_xml	– reference: Teodorov, C., Dhaussy, P., Le Roux, L.: Environment-driven reachability for timed systems. Safety verification of an aircraft landing gear system. Int. J. Softw. Tools Technol. Transf. doi:10.1007/s10009-015-0401-2 (2016) – reference: Börger, E., Stärk, R.F.: Abstract state machines: A method for high-level system design and analysis. Springer, New York (2003) – reference: AbrialJModeling in Event-B—system and software engineering2010CambridgeCambridge University Press10.1017/CBO97811391958811213.68214 – reference: Boniol, F., Wiels, V., Ait Ameur, Y., Schewe, K.-D.: ABZ 2014: the landing gear case study. Proceedings of case study track, held at the 4th international conference on abstract state machines, alloy, B, TLA, VDM, and Z, Toulouse, June 2–6, 2014. Communications in Computer Information Science, vol. 433. Springer, Switzerland (2014) – reference: Farail, P., Gaufillet, P., Peres, F., Bodeveix, J.P., Filali, M., Berthomieu, B., Rodrigo, S., Vernadat, F., Garavel, H., Lang, F.: FIACRE: an intermediate language for model verification in the TOPCASED environment. In: European congress on embedded real-time software (ERTS), SEE, Toulouse (2008) – reference: Banach, R.: The landing gear system in multi-machine hybrid event-b. International J. Softw. Tools Technol. Transf. doi:10.1007/s10009-015-0409-7 (2016) – reference: Su, W., Abrial, J.R.: Aircraft landing gear system: approaches with event-b to the modelling of an industrial system. Int. J. Softw. Tools Technol. Transf. doi:10.1007/s10009-015-0400-3 (2016) – reference: Arcaini, P., Gargantini, A., Riccobene, E.: Rigorous development process of a safety-critical system: from asm models to java code. Int. J. Softw. Tools Technol. Transf. doi:10.1007/s10009-015-0394-x (2016) – reference: Boniol, F., Wiels, V.: The landing gear system case study. In: ABZ case study, Communications in Computer information science, vol. 433. Springer, Switzerland (2014) – reference: Abrial, J.-R., Börger, E., Langmaack, H. (eds.): Formal Methods for Industrial Applications, Specifying and Programming the Steam Boiler Control (the book grow out of a Dagstuhl Seminar, June 1995). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1165. Springer, London (1996) – reference: Hansen, D., Ladenberger, L., Wiegard, H., Bendisposto, J., Leuschel, M.: Validation of the abz landing gear system using prob. Int. J. Softw. Tools Technol. Transf. doi:10.1007/s10009-015-0395-9 (2016) – reference: Abrial, J., Börger, E., Langmaack, H.: The steam boiler control specification problem. http://www.informatik.uni-kiel.de/~procos/dag9523/dag9523.html (1996) – reference: Mammar, A., Laleau, R.: Modelling a landing gear system in event-b. Int. J. Softw. Tools Technol. Transf. doi:10.1007/s10009-015-0391-0 (2016) – ident: 431_CR4 doi: 10.1007/s10009-015-0394-x – ident: 431_CR6 doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-07512-9_1 – ident: 431_CR5 doi: 10.1007/s10009-015-0409-7 – ident: 431_CR2 doi: 10.1007/BFb0027227 – ident: 431_CR12 doi: 10.1007/s10009-015-0391-0 – ident: 431_CR13 doi: 10.1007/s10009-015-0400-3 – ident: 431_CR8 doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-18216-7 – ident: 431_CR3 – ident: 431_CR10 – ident: 431_CR9 doi: 10.1007/s10009-015-0401-2 – ident: 431_CR11 doi: 10.1007/s10009-015-0395-9 – volume-title: Modeling in Event-B—system and software engineering year: 2010 ident: 431_CR1 doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139195881 – ident: 431_CR7 doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-07512-9
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