Spatial characterization of periodic behaviors of ground PM2.5 concentration across the Yangtze River Delta and the North China Plain during 2014–2024: A new insight on driving processes of regional air pollution

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has long been the major air pollutant across China, but its periodic behaviors are still not comprehensively understood at a regional scale. Spatial characterization of the periodic behaviors can sufficiently extract the spatiotemporal information of PM2.5 time series...

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Vydáno v:Environmental research Ročník 277; s. 121648
Hlavní autoři: Liu, Ying, Adamu, Andualem Tsehaye, Tan, Jianguo
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Elsevier Inc 15.07.2025
Témata:
air pollutants
air pollution
algorithms
China
coal
cold season
combustion
FFT
Fine particulate matter
heat
latitude
particulates
Periodic dynamics
periodicity
regression analysis
river deltas
Spatial pattern
Temporal variation
time series analysis
vibration
Yangtze River
China
Yangtze River
Periodic dynamics
Spatial pattern
Fine particulate matter
Temporal variation
FFT
ISSN:0013-9351, 1096-0953, 1096-0953
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Shrnutí:Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has long been the major air pollutant across China, but its periodic behaviors are still not comprehensively understood at a regional scale. Spatial characterization of the periodic behaviors can sufficiently extract the spatiotemporal information of PM2.5 time series and provide additional insights to understand key drivers of regional air pollution. This study collected PM2.5 hourly concentrations at 168 sites across the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and the North China Plain (NCP) during 2014–2024 and identified PM2.5 periodic behaviors based on a fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm with a pseudo F statistic extraction and harmonic regression analysis with a linear trend term. Spatial characterization of PM2.5 concentration periodicity was explored in long-term trend, daily and annual cycles. Results showed more local emissions and atmospheric upward dissipation in the NCP resulted in a stronger daily vibration of PM2.5 concentration rather than in the YRD. Greater annual amplitude in the NCP than in the YRD reflected the significantly-elevated emissions from coal combustion for domestic heat in cold season. A strongly negative correlation between annual amplitude of PM2.5 concentrations and spatial latitude of monitoring sites across the NCP was attributed to the decreasing washing–out effect of precipitation from southeast to northwest. PM2.5 concentration across both regions was experienced a long-term decreasing trend in 2014–2024 and the trend has slowed down after 2021. This study provided a new insight on driving PM2.5 concentrations across the NCP and the YRD of China and underlined the importance of periodic behaviors as complementing PM2.5 characterization. [Display omitted] •Regional pattern of periodic behavior revealed potential driving processes of PM2.5.•Daily and annual cycles as well as long-term trend in 2014–2024 were identified.•Daily dynamic is linked to local emission & upward dissipation driven by radiation.•Washing–out effect of precipitation impacts spatial pattern of annual amplitude.•The rapid decline of PM2.5 level has slowed down after 2021 in the NCP and YRD.
Bibliografie:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ISSN:0013-9351
1096-0953
1096-0953
DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2025.121648