Toward truly intelligent information systems-from expert systems to automatic programming

The objective of this paper is to discuss a way of designing intelligent systems that assure autonomy, generality and practicality in problem solving to the greatest extent and can solve complex problems. There are various types of problem solving, depending on the object, and often more than one su...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Knowledge-based systems Vol. 10; no. 6; pp. 363 - 396
Main Author:	Ohsuga, Setsuo
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier B.V 01.04.1998
Subjects:	Artificial intelligence Automatic programming Automatic system generation Intelligent information systems Intelligent systems Multi-strata model Intelligent information systems Automatic system generation Multi-strata model
ISSN:	0950-7051, 1872-7409
Online Access:	Get full text
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Abstract	The objective of this paper is to discuss a way of designing intelligent systems that assure autonomy, generality and practicality in problem solving to the greatest extent and can solve complex problems. There are various types of problem solving, depending on the object, and often more than one subjects concern the same problem with different roles in complex problem solving. In order to achieve our goal in this environment, a new architecture for the system and a new modeling scheme for representing problems including human activity are discussed, as well as a way of generating problem-specific problem solving systems. Several new concepts are included in this paper: a multi-level function structure and its corresponding knowledge structure, multiple meta-level operations, a multi-strata model to represent problems including human activity, etc. It is shown that the system realizes not only the generality but also the practicality of problem solving by enabling automatic programming.
AbstractList	The objective of this paper is to discuss a way of designing intelligent systems that assure autonomy, generality and practicality in problem solving to the greatest extent and can solve complex problems. There are various types of problem solving, depending on the object, and often more than one subjects concern the same problem with different roles in complex problem solving. In order to achieve our goal in this environment, a new architecture for the system and a new modeling scheme for representing problems including human activity are discussed, as well as a way of generating problem-specific problem solving systems. Several new concepts are included in this paper: a multi-level function structure and its corresponding knowledge structure, multiple meta-level operations, a multi-strata model to represent problems including human activity, etc. It is shown that the system realizes not only the generality but also the practicality of problem solving by enabling automatic programming. Discusses a way of designing intelligent systems that assure autonomy, generality and practicality in problem solving to the greatest extent and can solve complex problems. There are various types of problem solving, depending on the object and often more than 1 subjects concern the same problem with different roles in complex problem solving. Discusses a new architecture for the system and a new modelling scheme for representing problems including human activity, as well as a way of generating problem-specific problem solving systems. New concepts include: a multi-level function structure and its corresponding knowledge structure, multiple meta-level operations and a multi-strata model to represent problems including human activity. The system realizes not only the generality but also the practicality of problem solving by enabling automatic programming. (Original abstract - amended)
Author	Ohsuga, Setsuo
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Setsuo surname: Ohsuga fullname: Ohsuga, Setsuo organization: Department of Information and Computer Science, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo Shinkvuku-ku, Tokyo 169 Japan
BookMark	eNqFkF9LwzAUxYNMcJt-BKFPog_VJE3a9Elk-A8EH5wwn0Ka3I5I28wkVfft7Tb1dU_3cvmdczlngkad6wChU4IvCSb51QsuOU4LzMl5KS4wxhlNFwdoTERB04LhcoTG_8gRmoTwPkCUEjFGb3P3pbxJou-bdWK7CE1jl9DFYa-db1W0rkvCOkRoQ1p71ybwvQIf_25JdInqo9uQOll5t_SqbW23PEaHtWoCnPzOKXq9u53PHtKn5_vH2c1TqjNSxFQRVRJmKNd1ZnKmCpEJTERuKM2rijJTlaTAuFaMmzoH4IJl2FSKGKpJqfJsis52vsPvjx5ClK0NeoihOnB9kLxgBWW52AvSXHAsBBlAvgO1dyF4qOXK21b5tSRYbhqX28blpk5ZCrltXC4G3fVOB0PcTwteBm2h02CsBx2lcXaPww-h94xV
Cites_doi	10.1016/0169-023X(90)90003-V 10.1007/BF03037079 10.1016/0950-7051(95)96218-G 10.1016/0950-7051(93)90026-P 10.1016/S1042-8143(89)80006-8 10.1016/0169-023X(94)90015-9 10.1109/32.142869 10.1109/52.210596 10.1002/int.4550080109 10.1109/21.293507 10.1007/BF01099426 10.1002/ecjc.4430791002
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	1998
Copyright_xml	– notice: 1998
DBID	AAYXX CITATION 7SC 8FD JQ2 L7M L~C L~D E3H F2A
DOI	10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X
DatabaseName	CrossRef Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Technology Research Database ProQuest Computer Science Collection Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional Library & Information Sciences Abstracts (LISA) Library & Information Science Abstracts (LISA)
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Technology Research Database Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace ProQuest Computer Science Collection Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA)
DatabaseTitleList	Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA)
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Computer Science
EISSN	1872-7409
EndPage	396
ExternalDocumentID	10_1016_S0950_7051_98_00032_X S095070519800032X
GroupedDBID	--K --M .DC .~1 0R~ 1B1 1~. 1~5 29L 4.4 457 4G. 5VS 7-5 71M 77K 8P~ 9JN AACTN AAEDT AAEDW AAIAV AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAQXK AAXUO AAYFN ABAOU ABBOA ABIVO ABJNI ABMAC ABXDB ABYKQ ACAZW ACDAQ ACGFS ACNNM ACRLP ACZNC ADBBV ADEZE ADGUI ADJOM ADMUD ADTZH AEBSH AECPX AEKER AENEX AFKWA AFTJW AGHFR AGUBO AGYEJ AHHHB AHJVU AHZHX AIALX AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AJBFU AJOXV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMFUW AMRAJ AOUOD ARUGR ASPBG AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN BJAXD BKOJK BLXMC CS3 DU5 EBS EFJIC EFLBG EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-2 G-Q G8K GBLVA GBOLZ HLZ HVGLF HZ~ IHE J1W JJJVA KOM LG9 LY7 M41 MHUIS MO0 N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. PQQKQ Q38 R2- RIG ROL RPZ SBC SDF SDG SDP SES SET SEW SPC SPCBC SST SSV SSW SSZ T5K UHS WH7 WUQ XPP ZMT ~02 ~G- 77I 9DU AATTM AAXKI AAYWO AAYXX ABDPE ABWVN ACLOT ACRPL ACVFH ADCNI ADNMO AEIPS AEUPX AFJKZ AFPUW AGQPQ AIGII AIIUN AKBMS AKRWK AKYEP ANKPU APXCP CITATION EFKBS ~HD 7SC 8FD JQ2 L7M L~C L~D E3H F2A
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c317t-a1a914d25cf3d64a78380186d226bb24db91700fa45df6ee58430dba1d2c19a63
ISICitedReferencesCount	1
ISICitedReferencesURI	http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000073434800005&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN	0950-7051
IngestDate	Sun Sep 28 01:39:41 EDT 2025 Sat Sep 27 20:59:11 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 06:41:16 EST 2025 Fri Feb 23 02:23:58 EST 2024
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Issue	6
Keywords	Intelligent information systems Automatic system generation Multi-strata model
Language	English
License	https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0
LinkModel	OpenURL
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c317t-a1a914d25cf3d64a78380186d226bb24db91700fa45df6ee58430dba1d2c19a63
Notes	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2
PQID	26850881
PQPubID	23500
PageCount	34
ParticipantIDs	proquest_miscellaneous_57472468 proquest_miscellaneous_26850881 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0950_7051_98_00032_X elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_S0950_7051_98_00032_X
PublicationCentury	1900
PublicationDate	1998-04-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	1998-04-01
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 04 year: 1998 text: 1998-04-01 day: 01
PublicationDecade	1990
PublicationTitle	Knowledge-based systems
PublicationYear	1998
Publisher	Elsevier B.V
Publisher_xml	– name: Elsevier B.V
References	Ohsuga (BIB8) 1994; 5 Self (BIB24) 1993; 3 Suzuki, Akutsu, Ohsuga (BIB18) 1993; 6 Yamauchi, Ohsuga (BIB11) 1990; 5 Ohsuga, Yamauchi (BIB21) 1985 Ohsuga (BIB12) 1997 Sumi (BIB16) 1996; 79 Ushijima (BIB25) 1995 Rich, Feldman (BIB7) 1992; 18 Zhong, Ohsuga (BIB13) 1994; 12 R.K. Jullig, Applying Formal Software Synthesis, IEEE Software, pp. 11–21 Toppano, Chittaro, Tasso (BIB19) 1994 Puerta, Tu, Musen (BIB3) 1993; 8 Y. Matsunaga, Negotiation support agent based on fuzzy decision making with intermittency chaos, Journal of Information Processing in Japan, in press. Guan, Ohsuga (BIB22) 1988 Yamauchi (BIB10) 1993 Musen (BIB5) 1989; 1 Bijl (BIB14) 1994 Wayt Gibbs (BIB27) 1994 Han, Ohsuga, Yamauchi (BIB20) 1987 Hoppe (BIB23) 1994; 5 Bubenko, Wangler (BIB15) 1993 Ross (BIB2) 1997; 18 Hori (BIB1) 1994; 24 Li, Ohsuga (BIB26) 1993 McDermott (BIB4) 1988 Ohsuga (BIB9) 1995; 6 Bijl (10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB14) 1994 Hoppe (10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB23) 1994; 5 10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB17 10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB6 Ohsuga (10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB12) 1997 Ohsuga (10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB21) 1985 Musen (10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB5) 1989; 1 Self (10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB24) 1993; 3 Guan (10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB22) 1988 Rich (10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB7) 1992; 18 Han (10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB20) 1987 Ohsuga (10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB9) 1995; 6 Li (10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB26) 1993 Puerta (10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB3) 1993; 8 Bubenko (10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB15) 1993 Ushijima (10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB25) 1995 Ohsuga (10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB8) 1994; 5 Ross (10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB2) 1997; 18 Wayt Gibbs (10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB27) 1994 McDermott (10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB4) 1988 Toppano (10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB19) 1994 Hori (10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB1) 1994; 24 Suzuki (10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB18) 1993; 6 Yamauchi (10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB10) 1993 Sumi (10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB16) 1996; 79 Zhong (10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB13) 1994; 12 Yamauchi (10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB11) 1990; 5
References_xml	– volume: 18 start-page: 99 year: 1997 end-page: 113 ident: BIB2 article-title: Artificial intelligence, what works and what doesn't? publication-title: AI Magazine – year: 1994 ident: BIB14 article-title: Showing your mind publication-title: Proceedings of the Fourth European-Japanese Seminar on Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases – start-page: 225 year: 1988 end-page: 256 ident: BIB4 article-title: Preliminary steps toward a taxonomy of problem solving methods publication-title: Automating Knowledge Acquisition for Expert Systems – start-page: 11 year: 1997 end-page: 29 ident: BIB12 article-title: Multi-strata scheme for conceptual modeling publication-title: Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases VIII – volume: 6 start-page: 211 year: 1995 end-page: 222 ident: BIB9 article-title: A way of designing knowledge based systems publication-title: Knowledge Based Systems – year: 1994 ident: BIB27 article-title: Software chronic crisis – start-page: 25 year: 1987 end-page: 55 ident: BIB20 article-title: The application of knowledge based technology to CAD publication-title: Expert Systems in ComputerAided Design, Proceedings IPIF WG 5.2 Working Conference – year: 1988 ident: BIB22 article-title: An intelligent man-machine system based on KAUS for designing feed-back control systems publication-title: Artificial Intelligence in Engineering Design – volume: 8 start-page: 129 year: 1993 end-page: 152 ident: BIB3 article-title: Modeling tasks with mechanisms publication-title: International J. of Intelligent Systems – year: 1993 ident: BIB10 publication-title: KAUS6 User's Manual – volume: 3 start-page: 89 year: 1993 end-page: 106 ident: BIB24 article-title: Model-based cognitive diagnosis publication-title: Journal of User Modeling and User Adaptive Interaction – volume: 6 start-page: 1 year: 1993 ident: BIB18 article-title: Knowledge based system for computer-aided drug design publication-title: Knowledge Based Systems – volume: 1 start-page: 73 year: 1989 end-page: 88 ident: BIB5 article-title: Conceptual models of interactive knowledge acquisition tools publication-title: Knowledge Acquisition – volume: 5 start-page: 227 year: 1990 end-page: 251 ident: BIB11 article-title: Loose coupling of KAUS with existing RDBMSs publication-title: Data and Knowledge Engineering – volume: 5 start-page: 27 year: 1994 end-page: 49 ident: BIB23 article-title: Deductive error diagnosis and inductive error generation for intelligent tutoring systems publication-title: Journal of Artificial Intelligence – year: 1993 ident: BIB26 article-title: A meta knowledge structure for program development support publication-title: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering (SEKE) – reference: R.K. Jullig, Applying Formal Software Synthesis, IEEE Software, pp. 11–21 – volume: 5 start-page: 38 year: 1994 end-page: 62 ident: BIB8 article-title: How knowledge based systems can solve large scale problems—Model based decomposition and problem solving publication-title: Knowledge Based Systems – volume: 79 start-page: 11 year: 1996 end-page: 22 ident: BIB16 article-title: Computer aided communications by visualizing thought space structure publication-title: Electronics and Communications in Japan – year: 1993 ident: BIB15 article-title: Objectives driven capture of business rules and of information system requirements publication-title: IEEE Systems Man and Cybernetics '93 Conference – reference: Y. Matsunaga, Negotiation support agent based on fuzzy decision making with intermittency chaos, Journal of Information Processing in Japan, in press. – year: 1994 ident: BIB19 article-title: Dimensions of abstraction and approximation in the multimodeling approach publication-title: Proceedings of the Fourth European-Japanese Seminar on Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases – year: 1995 ident: BIB25 publication-title: Ph.D. Thesis – volume: 12 start-page: 223 year: 1994 end-page: 244 ident: BIB13 article-title: Discovering concept clusters by decomposing data-bases publication-title: Data and Knowledge Engineering – start-page: 403 year: 1985 end-page: 439 ident: BIB21 article-title: Multi-Layer Logic — A Predicate Logic Including Data Structure As Knowledge Representation Language publication-title: New Generation Computing – volume: 24 year: 1994 ident: BIB1 article-title: A system for aiding creative concept formation publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics – volume: 18 start-page: 451 year: 1992 end-page: 469 ident: BIB7 article-title: Seven layers of knowledge representation and reasoning in support of software development publication-title: IEEE Trans. on Software Engineering – ident: 10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB17 – volume: 5 start-page: 227 issue: 3 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB11 article-title: Loose coupling of KAUS with existing RDBMSs publication-title: Data and Knowledge Engineering doi: 10.1016/0169-023X(90)90003-V – start-page: 403 year: 1985 ident: 10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB21 article-title: Multi-Layer Logic — A Predicate Logic Including Data Structure As Knowledge Representation Language publication-title: New Generation Computing doi: 10.1007/BF03037079 – volume: 6 start-page: 211 issue: 1 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB9 article-title: A way of designing knowledge based systems publication-title: Knowledge Based Systems doi: 10.1016/0950-7051(95)96218-G – year: 1988 ident: 10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB22 article-title: An intelligent man-machine system based on KAUS for designing feed-back control systems – year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB19 article-title: Dimensions of abstraction and approximation in the multimodeling approach – volume: 6 start-page: 1 issue: 2 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB18 article-title: Knowledge based system for computer-aided drug design publication-title: Knowledge Based Systems doi: 10.1016/0950-7051(93)90026-P – start-page: 225 year: 1988 ident: 10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB4 article-title: Preliminary steps toward a taxonomy of problem solving methods – volume: 1 start-page: 73 year: 1989 ident: 10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB5 article-title: Conceptual models of interactive knowledge acquisition tools publication-title: Knowledge Acquisition doi: 10.1016/S1042-8143(89)80006-8 – volume: 12 start-page: 223 year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB13 article-title: Discovering concept clusters by decomposing data-bases publication-title: Data and Knowledge Engineering doi: 10.1016/0169-023X(94)90015-9 – volume: 18 start-page: 451 issue: 6 year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB7 article-title: Seven layers of knowledge representation and reasoning in support of software development publication-title: IEEE Trans. on Software Engineering doi: 10.1109/32.142869 – year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB14 article-title: Showing your mind – year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB27 – ident: 10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB6 doi: 10.1109/52.210596 – volume: 8 start-page: 129 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB3 article-title: Modeling tasks with mechanisms publication-title: International J. of Intelligent Systems doi: 10.1002/int.4550080109 – volume: 24 issue: 6 year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB1 article-title: A system for aiding creative concept formation publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics doi: 10.1109/21.293507 – year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB15 article-title: Objectives driven capture of business rules and of information system requirements – year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB10 – volume: 3 start-page: 89 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB24 article-title: Model-based cognitive diagnosis publication-title: Journal of User Modeling and User Adaptive Interaction doi: 10.1007/BF01099426 – volume: 5 start-page: 27 issue: 1 year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB23 article-title: Deductive error diagnosis and inductive error generation for intelligent tutoring systems publication-title: Journal of Artificial Intelligence – volume: 5 start-page: 38 issue: 3 year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB8 article-title: How knowledge based systems can solve large scale problems—Model based decomposition and problem solving publication-title: Knowledge Based Systems – year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB25 – year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB26 article-title: A meta knowledge structure for program development support – volume: 79 start-page: 11 issue: 10d year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB16 article-title: Computer aided communications by visualizing thought space structure publication-title: Electronics and Communications in Japan doi: 10.1002/ecjc.4430791002 – start-page: 11 year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB12 article-title: Multi-strata scheme for conceptual modeling – start-page: 25 year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB20 article-title: The application of knowledge based technology to CAD – volume: 18 start-page: 99 issue: 2 year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X_BIB2 article-title: Artificial intelligence, what works and what doesn't? publication-title: AI Magazine
SSID	ssj0002218
Score	1.5402513
Snippet	The objective of this paper is to discuss a way of designing intelligent systems that assure autonomy, generality and practicality in problem solving to the... Discusses a way of designing intelligent systems that assure autonomy, generality and practicality in problem solving to the greatest extent and can solve...
SourceID	proquest crossref elsevier
SourceType	Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher
StartPage	363
SubjectTerms	Artificial intelligence Automatic programming Automatic system generation Intelligent information systems Intelligent systems Multi-strata model
Title	Toward truly intelligent information systems-from expert systems to automatic programming
URI	https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0950-7051(98)00032-X https://www.proquest.com/docview/26850881 https://www.proquest.com/docview/57472468
Volume	10
WOSCitedRecordID	wos000073434800005&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights	– providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Elsevier SD Freedom Collection Journals 2021 customDbUrl: eissn: 1872-7409 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0002218 issn: 0950-7051 databaseCode: AIEXJ dateStart: 19950201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1bi9QwFA4664Mv3sX1mgcVZcnaJmmbPC4yi5dlFHYWCj6EpBcUtB23raz_3pMmTQdlWX3wpQyhTeB8mXO-nCTnQ-gpS-rCZKkhPC0rWKDwlJiIcxKbiBrOdEWNGMUmstVK5Ln86GUVu1FOIGsacXYmN_8VamgDsO3V2X-AO3QKDfAbQIcnwA7PvwN-PAi7158OX3-O1SBcxU0rBRBuKvoCzt0ecfdLxjr_fWgFPqqHvnXVXP0Jrm9TjPNM9v2UjCM2EJbTtyFp-7kbXM72uOq7oZ2zC-66XTiUMqUJI5JFvijs5DGjrZmx7f6Yd1YukjKnVfuHk3b5guPQNVBpKZ5RK1_KKMnnyDTtxq8-qMOToyO1Xubr55vvxGqG2b11L6ByGe3QLJFigXYO3i7zdyESUzrmd8NA8w2uV_PoL6R46Uc-j5v8FqVH6rG-ga75NQM-cFjfRJeq5ha6PulxYO-eb6NPDno8Qo-3oMdb0GMPFCbYQo8d9KG1b3GAHm9BfwedHC7Xr98QL55BCqCEPdGxljEvaVLUrEy5zgQDMiLSEvi2MZSXRtrSjLXmSVmnVQVElEWl0XFJi1jqlN1Fi6ZtqnsIU8ZEpmNec11weEEYaSKmbT4yiYui3kX7k9nUxtVIUfPhQbCzsnZWUqjRzirfRWIyrvJEzxE4BVPkok-fTGAocIR2d0s3VTt0iqbCLjbi899IYOlMeSruX9jHA3R1_jM8RAvArXqErhQ_-i_d6WM_zX4B-w2Ktg
linkProvider	Elsevier
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Toward+truly+intelligent+information+systems+-+from+expert+systems+to+automatic+programming&rft.jtitle=Knowledge-based+systems&rft.au=Ohsuga%2C+Setsuo&rft.date=1998-04-01&rft.issn=0950-7051&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=363&rft.epage=396&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0950-7051%2898%2900032-X&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0950-7051&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0950-7051&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0950-7051&client=summon