Anal Cancer Prevention in a High-risk Population

Anal cancer is an uncommon disease that is occurring more frequently each year in the United States, disproportionately affecting patients with human immunodeficiency virus and men who have sex with men. The natural history of anal cancer is thought to mimic that of cervical cancer, with human papil...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal for nurse practitioners Vol. 11; no. 1; pp. 103 - 108
Main Authors: Pack, Aaron E., Voskuhl, Gene W.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Philadelphia Elsevier Inc 01.01.2015
Elsevier Limited
Subjects:
Anal cancer
anal dysplasia
Cancer
cancer screening
Cervical cancer
Cost analysis
Dysplasia
High risk
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Human papillomavirus
Medical diagnosis
Medical screening
Medical treatment
Men
Men who have sex with men
Natural history
Patients
Physical examinations
United States > US
anal dysplasia
cancer screening
anal cancer
human papillomavirus
ISSN:1555-4155, 1878-058X
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Anal cancer is an uncommon disease that is occurring more frequently each year in the United States, disproportionately affecting patients with human immunodeficiency virus and men who have sex with men. The natural history of anal cancer is thought to mimic that of cervical cancer, with human papillomavirus infection progressing to anal dysplasia and invasion of cancer in susceptible individuals. Screening for anal cancer is an easy, cost-effective intervention in high-risk individuals, but, with few clinicians specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of anal dysplasia, some planning is necessary. Patients with abnormal cytology or physical examination should be referred for specialist care. •Anal cancer is uncommon, but has an up to ninefold risk in some populations.•Annual anal Pap smear testing is easy and cost-effective.•Abnormal cytology or physical exam findings require HRA referral.•HPV vaccination is woefully underused in young men with only 14% fully covered.•NPs can treat anogential warts in the office, but need a low threshold for referral.
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ISSN:1555-4155
1878-058X
DOI:10.1016/j.nurpra.2014.09.014