Red Blood Cell Fatty Acid Patterns and Cognitive Functions in Adolescents: A Pooled Analyses with Two Cohort Study Data Sets

Objective: Fatty acids (FAs) play a pivotal role in brain development and cognitive functions during adolescence. We aimed to investigate the association of red blood cell (RBC) FA patterns and several high order neuropsychological functions in adolescents. Methods: The study followed a cross-sectio...

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Vydané v:	Nutrients Ročník 17; číslo 21; s. 3483
Hlavní autori:	Ayala-Aldana, Nicolas, Pinar-Martí, Ariadna, Ruiz-Rivera, Marina, Lázaro, Iolanda, Sala-Vila, Aleix, Healy, Darren R., Contreras-Rodriguez, Oren, Casanova, Jordi, Sola-Valls, Nuria, Vrijheid, Martine, Julvez, Jordi
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Switzerland MDPI AG 05.11.2025
Predmet:	Adolescence Adolescent Biomarkers Blood Brain research Child development Cognition & reasoning Cognition - physiology Cognitive ability Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Decision Making Diet Erythrocytes - chemistry Erythrocytes - metabolism Fatty acids Fatty Acids - blood Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - blood Female Humans Intelligence Male Mathematical problems Memory Memory, Short-Term Metabolism Neuropsychology Questionnaires Spain Teenagers Spain cognition fatty acids principal component analysis adolescent health
ISSN:	2072-6643, 2072-6643
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Abstract	Objective: Fatty acids (FAs) play a pivotal role in brain development and cognitive functions during adolescence. We aimed to investigate the association of red blood cell (RBC) FA patterns and several high order neuropsychological functions in adolescents. Methods: The study followed a cross-sectional design. Principal component analysis was applied to 22 FA species previously measured in RBC membranes (exposure variable) to identify FA principal components (PCs) from two cohorts of adolescents in Catalonia, Spain (mean age = 14.53 years). Multiple linear regression was then used to examine associations between PC FAs and cognitive outcomes—working memory, fluid intelligence, and risky decision-making (gain and loss domains). Regression models were adjusted for child sex, age, body mass index, maternal education, and cohort enrollment. Results: Three FA PCs (eigenvalues > 2.0) were retained for the current study: a very-long chain FAs PC, a long-chain omega-6 FA PC and an omega-3 FA PC. The omega-3 FA PC showed a positive association with scores of fluid intelligence (β1 = 0.14, CI = 0.05, 0.24, p for trend = 0.003) and risky decision-making (loss domain) (β1 = 0.27, CI = 0.03, 0.52, p for trend = 0.030). The very-long chain FAs and long-chain omega-6 FAs patterns showed no significant associations with any cognitive outcome. The PC of omega-3 FA and fluid intelligence associations remained significant after multiple testing corrections. Conclusions: After applying an agnostic approach of multiple FAs in RBC, we found omega-3 FA patterns were positively associated with fluid intelligence among adolescents.
AbstractList	Objective: Fatty acids (FAs) play a pivotal role in brain development and cognitive functions during adolescence. We aimed to investigate the association of red blood cell (RBC) FA patterns and several high order neuropsychological functions in adolescents. Methods: The study followed a cross-sectional design. Principal component analysis was applied to 22 FA species previously measured in RBC membranes (exposure variable) to identify FA principal components (PCs) from two cohorts of adolescents in Catalonia, Spain (mean age = 14.53 years). Multiple linear regression was then used to examine associations between PC FAs and cognitive outcomes—working memory, fluid intelligence, and risky decision-making (gain and loss domains). Regression models were adjusted for child sex, age, body mass index, maternal education, and cohort enrollment. Results: Three FA PCs (eigenvalues > 2.0) were retained for the current study: a very-long chain FAs PC, a long-chain omega-6 FA PC and an omega-3 FA PC. The omega-3 FA PC showed a positive association with scores of fluid intelligence (β1 = 0.14, CI = 0.05, 0.24, p for trend = 0.003) and risky decision-making (loss domain) (β1 = 0.27, CI = 0.03, 0.52, p for trend = 0.030). The very-long chain FAs and long-chain omega-6 FAs patterns showed no significant associations with any cognitive outcome. The PC of omega-3 FA and fluid intelligence associations remained significant after multiple testing corrections. Conclusions: After applying an agnostic approach of multiple FAs in RBC, we found omega-3 FA patterns were positively associated with fluid intelligence among adolescents. Objective: Fatty acids (FAs) play a pivotal role in brain development and cognitive functions during adolescence. We aimed to investigate the association of red blood cell (RBC) FA patterns and several high order neuropsychological functions in adolescents. Methods: The study followed a cross-sectional design. Principal component analysis was applied to 22 FA species previously measured in RBC membranes (exposure variable) to identify FA principal components (PCs) from two cohorts of adolescents in Catalonia, Spain (mean age = 14.53 years). Multiple linear regression was then used to examine associations between PC FAs and cognitive outcomes-working memory, fluid intelligence, and risky decision-making (gain and loss domains). Regression models were adjusted for child sex, age, body mass index, maternal education, and cohort enrollment. Results: Three FA PCs (eigenvalues > 2.0) were retained for the current study: a very-long chain FAs PC, a long-chain omega-6 FA PC and an omega-3 FA PC. The omega-3 FA PC showed a positive association with scores of fluid intelligence (β1 = 0.14, CI = 0.05, 0.24, p for trend = 0.003) and risky decision-making (loss domain) (β1 = 0.27, CI = 0.03, 0.52, p for trend = 0.030). The very-long chain FAs and long-chain omega-6 FAs patterns showed no significant associations with any cognitive outcome. The PC of omega-3 FA and fluid intelligence associations remained significant after multiple testing corrections. Conclusions: After applying an agnostic approach of multiple FAs in RBC, we found omega-3 FA patterns were positively associated with fluid intelligence among adolescents.Objective: Fatty acids (FAs) play a pivotal role in brain development and cognitive functions during adolescence. We aimed to investigate the association of red blood cell (RBC) FA patterns and several high order neuropsychological functions in adolescents. Methods: The study followed a cross-sectional design. Principal component analysis was applied to 22 FA species previously measured in RBC membranes (exposure variable) to identify FA principal components (PCs) from two cohorts of adolescents in Catalonia, Spain (mean age = 14.53 years). Multiple linear regression was then used to examine associations between PC FAs and cognitive outcomes-working memory, fluid intelligence, and risky decision-making (gain and loss domains). Regression models were adjusted for child sex, age, body mass index, maternal education, and cohort enrollment. Results: Three FA PCs (eigenvalues > 2.0) were retained for the current study: a very-long chain FAs PC, a long-chain omega-6 FA PC and an omega-3 FA PC. The omega-3 FA PC showed a positive association with scores of fluid intelligence (β1 = 0.14, CI = 0.05, 0.24, p for trend = 0.003) and risky decision-making (loss domain) (β1 = 0.27, CI = 0.03, 0.52, p for trend = 0.030). The very-long chain FAs and long-chain omega-6 FAs patterns showed no significant associations with any cognitive outcome. The PC of omega-3 FA and fluid intelligence associations remained significant after multiple testing corrections. Conclusions: After applying an agnostic approach of multiple FAs in RBC, we found omega-3 FA patterns were positively associated with fluid intelligence among adolescents. Fatty acids (FAs) play a pivotal role in brain development and cognitive functions during adolescence. We aimed to investigate the association of red blood cell (RBC) FA patterns and several high order neuropsychological functions in adolescents. The study followed a cross-sectional design. Principal component analysis was applied to 22 FA species previously measured in RBC membranes (exposure variable) to identify FA principal components (PCs) from two cohorts of adolescents in Catalonia, Spain (mean age = 14.53 years). Multiple linear regression was then used to examine associations between PC FAs and cognitive outcomes-working memory, fluid intelligence, and risky decision-making (gain and loss domains). Regression models were adjusted for child sex, age, body mass index, maternal education, and cohort enrollment. Three FA PCs (eigenvalues > 2.0) were retained for the current study: a very-long chain FAs PC, a long-chain omega-6 FA PC and an omega-3 FA PC. The omega-3 FA PC showed a positive association with scores of fluid intelligence (β1 = 0.14, CI = 0.05, 0.24, for trend = 0.003) and risky decision-making (loss domain) (β1 = 0.27, CI = 0.03, 0.52, for trend = 0.030). The very-long chain FAs and long-chain omega-6 FAs patterns showed no significant associations with any cognitive outcome. The PC of omega-3 FA and fluid intelligence associations remained significant after multiple testing corrections. After applying an agnostic approach of multiple FAs in RBC, we found omega-3 FA patterns were positively associated with fluid intelligence among adolescents.
Author	Contreras-Rodriguez, Oren Pinar-Martí, Ariadna Vrijheid, Martine Ruiz-Rivera, Marina Sala-Vila, Aleix Casanova, Jordi Lázaro, Iolanda Ayala-Aldana, Nicolas Sola-Valls, Nuria Healy, Darren R. Julvez, Jordi
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Nicolas orcidid: 0000-0002-3530-6734 surname: Ayala-Aldana fullname: Ayala-Aldana, Nicolas – sequence: 2 givenname: Ariadna orcidid: 0000-0002-2602-3396 surname: Pinar-Martí fullname: Pinar-Martí, Ariadna – sequence: 3 givenname: Marina surname: Ruiz-Rivera fullname: Ruiz-Rivera, Marina – sequence: 4 givenname: Iolanda orcidid: 0000-0002-6172-9845 surname: Lázaro fullname: Lázaro, Iolanda – sequence: 5 givenname: Aleix orcidid: 0000-0002-5038-2794 surname: Sala-Vila fullname: Sala-Vila, Aleix – sequence: 6 givenname: Darren R. orcidid: 0000-0002-0084-2289 surname: Healy fullname: Healy, Darren R. – sequence: 7 givenname: Oren orcidid: 0000-0001-8922-8084 surname: Contreras-Rodriguez fullname: Contreras-Rodriguez, Oren – sequence: 8 givenname: Jordi surname: Casanova fullname: Casanova, Jordi – sequence: 9 givenname: Nuria surname: Sola-Valls fullname: Sola-Valls, Nuria – sequence: 10 givenname: Martine orcidid: 0000-0002-7090-1758 surname: Vrijheid fullname: Vrijheid, Martine – sequence: 11 givenname: Jordi surname: Julvez fullname: Julvez, Jordi
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Snippet	Objective: Fatty acids (FAs) play a pivotal role in brain development and cognitive functions during adolescence. We aimed to investigate the association of... Fatty acids (FAs) play a pivotal role in brain development and cognitive functions during adolescence. We aimed to investigate the association of red blood...
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SubjectTerms	Adolescence Adolescent Biomarkers Blood Brain research Child development Cognition & reasoning Cognition - physiology Cognitive ability Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Decision Making Diet Erythrocytes - chemistry Erythrocytes - metabolism Fatty acids Fatty Acids - blood Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - blood Female Humans Intelligence Male Mathematical problems Memory Memory, Short-Term Metabolism Neuropsychology Questionnaires Spain Teenagers
Title	Red Blood Cell Fatty Acid Patterns and Cognitive Functions in Adolescents: A Pooled Analyses with Two Cohort Study Data Sets
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