An integrated optimization approach for weather stations network design: a case study

Accurate and reliable weather forecasting plays a crucial role in supporting decision-making and resource management across multiple sectors, particularly in agriculture and transportation. To enhance forecasting capabilities, this study develops an integrated and optimized meteorological station ne...

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Published in:	Theoretical and applied climatology Vol. 156; no. 6; p. 334
Main Authors:	Sadeghi, Mohammad, Yaghoubi, Saeed, Nemati, Sajedeh, Arefi, Sara
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Vienna Springer Vienna 01.06.2025 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Airports Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric conditions Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Atmospheric Sciences Case studies climate Climate change Climate variations Climatic conditions Climatology Data envelopment analysis Decision making Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Efficiency Fault lines Integer programming Iran Linear programming Mathematical analysis Network design Optimization models Parameters Resource management topographic slope transportation Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control Weather Weather forecasting Weather stations Iran United States > US Weather stations network design Hierarchical maximum covering ɛ-constraint Lagrangian relaxation Data envelopment analysis
ISSN:	0177-798X, 1434-4483
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Abstract	Accurate and reliable weather forecasting plays a crucial role in supporting decision-making and resource management across multiple sectors, particularly in agriculture and transportation. To enhance forecasting capabilities, this study develops an integrated and optimized meteorological station network that simultaneously addresses optimal placement and comprehensive weather parameter monitoring and managerial aspects. In so doing, this paper develops a bi-objective integer linear programming model for designing a network of meteorological centers, which incorporates not only atmospheric conditions, but also integrates efficiency assessment of weather stations according to their locations, prevailing climatic conditions and need for different stations for each climate, climatic variations across provinces and managerial aspects, and device (sensor) allocation to station in order to measure required weather parameters. As this paper aims to contribute in providing a thorough framework and cover most of the weather station related decisions and considerations, the decision-making process is carried out through a two phase procedure. First phase is the efficiency assessment phase, which potential locations of stations are valuated using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) based on factors such as terrain slope, population, and distance from airports, fault lines, and industrial centers. A bi-objective mathematical optimization model which covers the other related considerations and decisions, is developed in second phase. This model balances system efficiency with cost considerations as the objectives beside providing the integrated station network. Due to model complexity, an ε-constrained method converts it into a single-objective form, and Lagrangian relaxation ensures scalability. Finally, to demonstrate the practical applicability of this model, a case study from Iran is presented.
AbstractList	Accurate and reliable weather forecasting plays a crucial role in supporting decision-making and resource management across multiple sectors, particularly in agriculture and transportation. To enhance forecasting capabilities, this study develops an integrated and optimized meteorological station network that simultaneously addresses optimal placement and comprehensive weather parameter monitoring and managerial aspects. In so doing, this paper develops a bi-objective integer linear programming model for designing a network of meteorological centers, which incorporates not only atmospheric conditions, but also integrates efficiency assessment of weather stations according to their locations, prevailing climatic conditions and need for different stations for each climate, climatic variations across provinces and managerial aspects, and device (sensor) allocation to station in order to measure required weather parameters. As this paper aims to contribute in providing a thorough framework and cover most of the weather station related decisions and considerations, the decision-making process is carried out through a two phase procedure. First phase is the efficiency assessment phase, which potential locations of stations are valuated using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) based on factors such as terrain slope, population, and distance from airports, fault lines, and industrial centers. A bi-objective mathematical optimization model which covers the other related considerations and decisions, is developed in second phase. This model balances system efficiency with cost considerations as the objectives beside providing the integrated station network. Due to model complexity, an ε-constrained method converts it into a single-objective form, and Lagrangian relaxation ensures scalability. Finally, to demonstrate the practical applicability of this model, a case study from Iran is presented. Accurate and reliable weather forecasting plays a crucial role in supporting decision-making and resource management across multiple sectors, particularly in agriculture and transportation. To enhance forecasting capabilities, this study develops an integrated and optimized meteorological station network that simultaneously addresses optimal placement and comprehensive weather parameter monitoring and managerial aspects. In so doing, this paper develops a bi-objective integer linear programming model for designing a network of meteorological centers, which incorporates not only atmospheric conditions, but also integrates efficiency assessment of weather stations according to their locations, prevailing climatic conditions and need for different stations for each climate, climatic variations across provinces and managerial aspects, and device (sensor) allocation to station in order to measure required weather parameters. As this paper aims to contribute in providing a thorough framework and cover most of the weather station related decisions and considerations, the decision-making process is carried out through a two phase procedure. First phase is the efficiency assessment phase, which potential locations of stations are valuated using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) based on factors such as terrain slope, population, and distance from airports, fault lines, and industrial centers. A bi-objective mathematical optimization model which covers the other related considerations and decisions, is developed in second phase. This model balances system efficiency with cost considerations as the objectives beside providing the integrated station network. Due to model complexity, an ε-constrained method converts it into a single-objective form, and Lagrangian relaxation ensures scalability. Finally, to demonstrate the practical applicability of this model, a case study from Iran is presented.
ArticleNumber	334
Author	Sadeghi, Mohammad Arefi, Sara Yaghoubi, Saeed Nemati, Sajedeh
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Mohammad surname: Sadeghi fullname: Sadeghi, Mohammad organization: School of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology – sequence: 2 givenname: Saeed surname: Yaghoubi fullname: Yaghoubi, Saeed email: yaghoubi@iust.ac.ir organization: School of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology – sequence: 3 givenname: Sajedeh surname: Nemati fullname: Nemati, Sajedeh organization: School of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology – sequence: 4 givenname: Sara surname: Arefi fullname: Arefi, Sara organization: School of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology
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SubjectTerms	Airports Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric conditions Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Atmospheric Sciences Case studies climate Climate change Climate variations Climatic conditions Climatology Data envelopment analysis Decision making Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Efficiency Fault lines Integer programming Iran Linear programming Mathematical analysis Network design Optimization models Parameters Resource management topographic slope transportation Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control Weather Weather forecasting Weather stations
Title	An integrated optimization approach for weather stations network design: a case study
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