Condensation reactions assisted by acidic hydrogen bonded hydroxyl groups in solid tin(ii)hydroxychloride

Tin(ii)hydroxychloride is reported as a heterogeneous Broensted acid catalyst. Sn(OH)Cl was synthesized by a precipitation method and characterized by XRD, FT-IR, super(1)H MAS NMR, SEM, TG-DTA and N sub(2) sorption. The acidity measurements of tin(ii)hydroxychloride by FT-IR pyridine adsorption and...

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Veröffentlicht in:RSC advances Jg. 3; H. 27; S. 10795 - 10800
Hauptverfasser: Marakatti, Vijaykumar S., Shanbhag, Ganapati V., Halgeri, Anand B.
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: 01.01.2013
Schlagworte:
acidity
adsorption
Bonding
Bronsted acids
Catalysts
catalytic activity
condensation reactions
Condensing
differential thermal analysis
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Hydrogen bonding
moieties
nitrogen
Nuclear magnetic resonance
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Precipitation
pyridines
Recycled
scanning electron microscopy
thermogravimetry
tin
Tin dioxide
tin monoxide
X-ray diffraction
ISSN:2046-2069, 2046-2069
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Zusammenfassung:Tin(ii)hydroxychloride is reported as a heterogeneous Broensted acid catalyst. Sn(OH)Cl was synthesized by a precipitation method and characterized by XRD, FT-IR, super(1)H MAS NMR, SEM, TG-DTA and N sub(2) sorption. The acidity measurements of tin(ii)hydroxychloride by FT-IR pyridine adsorption and super(1)H MAS NMR showed the presence of Broensted acidity. The Broensted acidity can be attributed to strong hydrogen bonding between the -OH and Cl groups. Sn(OH)Cl showed high activity for important condensation reactions such as the Prins condensation, Claisen-Schmidt condensation and ketalization. The catalytic activity of Sn(OH)Cl was compared with that of SnO, SnO sub(2) and Sn sub(2)(OH) sub(2)O. The catalyst was recycled three times with a negligible decrease in activity.
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ISSN:2046-2069
2046-2069
DOI:10.1039/c3ra41152d