Stacked Intelligent Metasurfaces for Efficient Holographic MIMO Communications in 6G

A revolutionary technology relying on Stacked Intelligent Metasurfaces (SIM) is capable of carrying out advanced signal processing directly in the native electromagnetic (EM) wave regime. An SIM is fabricated by a sophisticated amalgam of multiple stacked metasurface layers, which may outperform its...

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Vydáno v:IEEE journal on selected areas in communications Ročník 41; číslo 8; s. 2380 - 2396
Hlavní autoři: An, Jiancheng, Xu, Chao, Ng, Derrick Wing Kwan, Alexandropoulos, George C., Huang, Chongwen, Yuen, Chau, Hanzo, Lajos
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: New York IEEE 01.08.2023
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Témata:
3D integrated metasurfaces
6G mobile communication
Algorithms
Channel capacity
Communications systems
holographic MIMO (HMIMO)
Holography
Metasurfaces
MIMO communication
Nonhomogeneous media
Optimization
Radio frequency
reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)
Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIM)
Transceivers
wave-based computing
Wireless networks
ISSN:0733-8716, 1558-0008
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Shrnutí:A revolutionary technology relying on Stacked Intelligent Metasurfaces (SIM) is capable of carrying out advanced signal processing directly in the native electromagnetic (EM) wave regime. An SIM is fabricated by a sophisticated amalgam of multiple stacked metasurface layers, which may outperform its single-layer metasurface counterparts, such as reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) and metasurface lenses. We harness this new SIM for implementing holographic multiple-input multiple-output (HMIMO) communications without requiring excessive radio-frequency (RF) chains, which is a substantial benefit compared to existing implementations. First of all, we propose an HMIMO communication system based on a pair of SIM at the transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX), respectively. In sharp contrast to the conventional MIMO designs, SIM is capable of automatically accomplishing transmit precoding and receiver combining, as the EM waves propagate through them. As such, each spatial stream can be directly radiated and recovered from the corresponding transmit and receive port. Secondly, we formulate the problem of minimizing the error between the actual end-to-end channel matrix and the target diagonal one, representing a flawless interference-free system of parallel subchannels. This is achieved by jointly optimizing the phase shifts associated with all the metasurface layers of both the TX-SIM and RX-SIM. We then design a gradient descent algorithm to solve the resultant non-convex problem. Furthermore, we theoretically analyze the HMIMO channel capacity bound and provide some fundamental insights. Finally, extensive simulation results are provided for characterizing our SIM-aided HMIMO system, which quantifies its substantial performance benefits, e.g., 150% capacity improvement over both conventional MIMO and its RIS-aided counterparts.
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ISSN:0733-8716
1558-0008
DOI:10.1109/JSAC.2023.3288261