Angular Patterns of Bistatic Scattering from Gamma-Distributed Rough Surfaces

We analyze the bistatic scattering of a gamma-distributed rough surface to explore the scattering properties in the context of polar angular patterns and specular angular beamwidth as a dependence on degree of non-Gaussianity. We focus on the incoherent scattering because of its importance in remote...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing Vol. 62; p. 1
Main Authors: Yang, Ying, Chen, Kun-Shan
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York IEEE 01.01.2024
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:
3 dB angular-width
bistatic scattering
Gamma height distribution
Height
Incoherent scattering
Kurtosis
Optical surface waves
Parameters
Power spectral density
Probability theory
Remote sensing
Rough surface
Rough surfaces
Scattering
Scattering angle
Sea ice
Sea surface
Shape
Skewness
Surface roughness
Surface treatment
Surface waves
ISSN:0196-2892, 1558-0644
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:We analyze the bistatic scattering of a gamma-distributed rough surface to explore the scattering properties in the context of polar angular patterns and specular angular beamwidth as a dependence on degree of non-Gaussianity. We focus on the incoherent scattering because of its importance in remote sensing of rough surfaces, e.g., soil and sea ice. We use a 3dB angular width, the width of the range of scattering angle, as a measure of angular broadening and dropping-off of the scattered power. Some insights into the physical significance are perceived. For the co-polarized scattering in the incident plane, as the skewness and kurtosis of Gamma height probability density (HPD) surface decreases, the scattering becomes narrower and concentrates more at the specular direction and has a faster decay than in the Gaussian surface at large angles. As the shape parameters increase, the incoherent scattering concentrates more at 0° of scattering angle for the cross-polarized scattering in the cross-plane. The narrow 3dB angular-width is located at the larger shape parameters (or low skewness and kurtosis) with a small to moderate RMS height. The overall 3 dB angular width of the exponential power spectral density (PSD) surface is smaller than the Gaussian PSD surface. This study reveals that angular broadening is narrower, and the dropping-off of the scattered power is more significant for Gamma height distributed and exponential-correlated surfaces than the Gaussian surface.
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ISSN:0196-2892
1558-0644
DOI:10.1109/TGRS.2024.3382122