Comparison of an Attention-Based Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) With a Visual Transformer Model: Two Weakly Supervised Deep Learning (DL) Algorithms for the Detection of Histopathologic Lesions in the Rat Liver to Distinguish Normal From Abnormal

The histopathologic evaluation of regulatory toxicity studies using artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to increase study efficiency. For example, AI could initially identify and exclude all organs without histopathologic lesions, allowing pathologists to focus solely on evaluating organs...

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Vydáno v:	Toxicologic pathology Ročník 53; číslo 5; s. 456
Hlavní autoři:	Funk, Juergen, Clement, Gregoire, Togninalli, Matteo, Cohen, Yaniv, Albrecht, Tom, Sullivan, Ruth, Pous, Josep Arus, Tecilla, Marco, Romero-Palomo, Fernando, Abramowski, Amadeusz, D'Annunzio, Angelo, Li, Yun Yvonna, Nguyen, Trung, Hu, Fangyao, Schumacher, Vanessa
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	United States 01.07.2025
Témata:	Algorithms Animals Deep Learning Liver - pathology Multiple-Instance Learning Algorithms Rats Supervised Machine Learning Toxicity Tests - methods toxicology digital pathology liver multiple instance learning transformer artificial intelligence generalized lesion detection
ISSN:	1533-1601, 1533-1601
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Shrnutí:	The histopathologic evaluation of regulatory toxicity studies using artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to increase study efficiency. For example, AI could initially identify and exclude all organs without histopathologic lesions, allowing pathologists to focus solely on evaluating organs with identified lesions. In this study, whole slide images (WSIs) of liver sections from 58 different rat toxicity studies were collected, along with their corresponding histopathologic lesion diagnoses. Each WSI was labeled as either "lesion" or "no lesion" based on the presence or absence of reported histopathologic lesions. Multiple instance learning (MIL) approaches, including a transformer variant, were tested to predict lesions within a weakly supervised framework. Both methods achieved acceptable to excellent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) scores. Heatmap overlays were employed to visually assess the MIL model's effectiveness in detecting lesions, confirming the accuracy of targeted areas on the WSIs. In addition, using transfer learning principles, the MIL model initially developed for liver WSIs was adapted to kidney WSIs, demonstrating the model's versatility. This study showcases the application of weakly supervised learning for lesion detection in rat WSIs from toxicity studies, with the potential to significantly enhance the efficiency of the histopathologic evaluation process.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1533-1601 1533-1601
DOI:	10.1177/01926233251339653