On the MCF Model for Predicting Radar Ocean Backscatter

This article employs the modulated correlation function (MCF) model to describe the ocean surface in radar backscattering. Surface correlation functions derived from wind wave spectra: Apel, Elfouhaily, Kudryavtsev, and Hwang models are examined. The spectral properties of the above spectra are also...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing Vol. 62; pp. 1 - 15
Main Authors: Guo, Mingde, Chen, Kun-Shan, Yang, Ying, Yin, Xiaobin
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York IEEE 2024
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:
Advanced integral equation model (AIEM)
Airborne radar
Backscatter
Backscattering
Breaking waves
C band
Correlation
Correlation analysis
effective roughness
Incidence angle
modulated correlation function (MCF)
multiscale rough surface
Ocean surface
Ocean waves
Radar
radar backscattering
Radar measurement
Rough surfaces
Saturation
Scattering
Sea surface
Spectra
Surface roughness
Surface treatment
Surface water waves
Surface waves
Wave spectra
Wind waves
ISSN:0196-2892, 1558-0644
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Summary:This article employs the modulated correlation function (MCF) model to describe the ocean surface in radar backscattering. Surface correlation functions derived from wind wave spectra: Apel, Elfouhaily, Kudryavtsev, and Hwang models are examined. The spectral properties of the above spectra are also analyzed, including the height, slope, and saturation spectra. The results suggest that the MCF model is applicable in depicting spatial correlation of ocean surface. At the same time, the spectrum of MCF may not be proper in describing the energy cascade of ocean waves. The comparisons of backscatter are made among the MCF model and wind wave spectra, with regard to dependences of radar frequency at L-, C-, X-, and Ku-bands, wind vector, and incidence angle. The results indicate that the MCF model yields the overall minimum errors in radar backscatter against geophysical model functions (GMFs). We validate the model with the airborne and spaceborne radar measurements and show that the MCF model gives good agreement at the C-band but only moderate at the Ku-band. Meanwhile, the backscatters calculated based on different wind wave spectra can significantly deviate from each other, related to the magnitudes of the short-wave spectrum. Besides, the breaking wave effect on radar backscatter is also discussed.
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ISSN:0196-2892
1558-0644
DOI:10.1109/TGRS.2024.3370630