A New Variable Forgetting Factor-Based Bias-Compensated RLS Algorithm for Identification of FIR Systems With Input Noise and Its Hardware Implementation
This paper proposes a new variable forgetting factor QRD-based recursive least squares algorithm with bias compensation (VFF-QRRLS-BC) for system identification under input noise. A new variable forgetting factor scheme is proposed to improve its convergence speed and steady-state mean squares error...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. I, Regular papers Jg. 67; H. 1; S. 198 - 211 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
IEEE
01.01.2020
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| Schlagworte: | |
| ISSN: | 1549-8328, 1558-0806 |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| Abstract | This paper proposes a new variable forgetting factor QRD-based recursive least squares algorithm with bias compensation (VFF-QRRLS-BC) for system identification under input noise. A new variable forgetting factor scheme is proposed to improve its convergence speed and steady-state mean squares error. A new method for recursive estimation of the additive noise variance is also proposed for reliable bias compensation. The mean and mean-square asymptotic behaviors of the algorithm are analyzed and a self-calibration scheme is further proposed to improve the steady-state mean squares error (MSE) due to finite sample effect. Simulations show that the proposed VFF approach offers improved tracking and steady-state MSE performance over the conventional recursive least squares method and its fixed FF counterpart. A linear array architecture is proposed for the realization of this algorithm and several hardware efficient techniques are introduced to avoid the expensive cubic root and division operations required. The proposed algorithm is validated on Xilinx Zynq ® -7000 AP SoC ZC702 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). For a 10-tap finite impulse response (FIR) system, the implementation requires only about 11.5k slice look-up table (LUT)s, 4.5k slice registers and 50 DSP48s and it can work up to about 0.58 MHz sample rate with a 200 MHz system clock. The hardware resources are considerably lower than traditional techniques using divider and cubic root realization. The linear array architecture also serves as an attractive alternative to the systolic array in medium to low rate applications due to its reduced hardware usages. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | This paper proposes a new variable forgetting factor QRD-based recursive least squares algorithm with bias compensation (VFF-QRRLS-BC) for system identification under input noise. A new variable forgetting factor scheme is proposed to improve its convergence speed and steady-state mean squares error. A new method for recursive estimation of the additive noise variance is also proposed for reliable bias compensation. The mean and mean-square asymptotic behaviors of the algorithm are analyzed and a self-calibration scheme is further proposed to improve the steady-state mean squares error (MSE) due to finite sample effect. Simulations show that the proposed VFF approach offers improved tracking and steady-state MSE performance over the conventional recursive least squares method and its fixed FF counterpart. A linear array architecture is proposed for the realization of this algorithm and several hardware efficient techniques are introduced to avoid the expensive cubic root and division operations required. The proposed algorithm is validated on Xilinx Zynq ® -7000 AP SoC ZC702 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). For a 10-tap finite impulse response (FIR) system, the implementation requires only about 11.5k slice look-up table (LUT)s, 4.5k slice registers and 50 DSP48s and it can work up to about 0.58 MHz sample rate with a 200 MHz system clock. The hardware resources are considerably lower than traditional techniques using divider and cubic root realization. The linear array architecture also serves as an attractive alternative to the systolic array in medium to low rate applications due to its reduced hardware usages. This paper proposes a new variable forgetting factor QRD-based recursive least squares algorithm with bias compensation (VFF-QRRLS-BC) for system identification under input noise. A new variable forgetting factor scheme is proposed to improve its convergence speed and steady-state mean squares error. A new method for recursive estimation of the additive noise variance is also proposed for reliable bias compensation. The mean and mean-square asymptotic behaviors of the algorithm are analyzed and a self-calibration scheme is further proposed to improve the steady-state mean squares error (MSE) due to finite sample effect. Simulations show that the proposed VFF approach offers improved tracking and steady-state MSE performance over the conventional recursive least squares method and its fixed FF counterpart. A linear array architecture is proposed for the realization of this algorithm and several hardware efficient techniques are introduced to avoid the expensive cubic root and division operations required. The proposed algorithm is validated on Xilinx Zynq®-7000 AP SoC ZC702 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). For a 10-tap finite impulse response (FIR) system, the implementation requires only about 11.5k slice look-up table (LUT)s, 4.5k slice registers and 50 DSP48s and it can work up to about 0.58 MHz sample rate with a 200 MHz system clock. The hardware resources are considerably lower than traditional techniques using divider and cubic root realization. The linear array architecture also serves as an attractive alternative to the systolic array in medium to low rate applications due to its reduced hardware usages. |
| Author | Tan, Hai Jun Sun, Xu Chan, Shing Chow Lin, Jian Qiang |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Hai Jun surname: Tan fullname: Tan, Hai Jun email: hjtan@eee.hku.hk organization: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong – sequence: 2 givenname: Shing Chow orcidid: 0000-0001-7212-4182 surname: Chan fullname: Chan, Shing Chow email: scchan@eee.hku.hk organization: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong – sequence: 3 givenname: Jian Qiang orcidid: 0000-0002-2192-7855 surname: Lin fullname: Lin, Jian Qiang email: jqlin@eee.hku.hk organization: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong – sequence: 4 givenname: Xu orcidid: 0000-0001-9155-0427 surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Xu organization: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong |
| BookMark | eNp9kU1r20AQhkVJofnoDwi9DPQsZ78saY-OqROBSSBOm6MYS7PuBmlX3V0T8k_6cyvHoYceeppheJ93ZnjPshPnHWXZJWczzpm-elxu6plgXM-EVkoI_iE75fN5lbOKFSeHXum8kqL6lJ3F-MyY0Ezy0-z3Au7oBX5gsLjtCVY-7Cgl63awwjb5kF9jpA6uLcZ86YeRXMQ0DR7WG1j0Ox9s-jmA8QHqjlyyxraYrHfgDazqB9i8xkRDhKdJB7Ub9wnuvI0E6DqoU4RbDN0LBoJ6GHsaJo83_iL7aLCP9Pm9nmffV98el7f5-v6mXi7WeSu0TLniiGpedgrRGNFyQkTBuy3npTFbVFszfc7Q6KKkVhmlFJVFWRYFcUacG3mefT36jsH_2lNMzbPfBzetbISUWsp5VbFJVR5VbfAxBjJNa493poC2bzhrDjE0hxiaQwzNewwTyf8hx2AHDK__Zb4cGUtEf_WVloxJJf8AgBmW8w |
| CODEN | ITCSCH |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSI_2022_3193444 crossref_primary_10_1002_rnc_6737 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSI_2020_2988044 crossref_primary_10_1109_LSP_2025_3550772 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIM_2022_3216380 crossref_primary_10_1088_1361_6501_ad8256 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apm_2022_09_001 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPEL_2025_3539880 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIE_2022_3167141 crossref_primary_10_3390_electronics11193118 crossref_primary_10_3390_wevj15090391 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSI_2020_3032128 crossref_primary_10_1109_LSP_2022_3153207 crossref_primary_10_1049_sil2_12074 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSI_2021_3081187 crossref_primary_10_3390_s20175005 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.apm.2010.10.003 10.1049/iet-cta.2010.0211 10.1109/TASL.2012.2236315 10.23919/ECC.2013.6669232 10.1002/9780470740156 10.1109/TIE.2008.2007034 10.1109/TAC.1983.1103312 10.1109/TSP.2012.2197208 10.1016/j.automatica.2006.11.025 10.1109/ICOSP.2010.5655365 10.1016/j.automatica.2011.05.010 10.1016/j.automatica.2008.07.007 10.1109/TVT.2011.2145424 10.1007/978-1-4612-1768-8_11 10.1016/0304-4076(94)01642-D 10.1109/TCSI.2011.2123770 10.1016/j.automatica.2014.10.037 10.1109/LSP.2008.919813 10.1109/TASLP.2015.2464692 10.1109/TNS.2015.2432032 10.1016/j.mejo.2011.10.009 10.1109/ISCAS.2016.7539136 10.1080/00207178208922631 10.1109/TAC.2007.904322 10.1007/BFb0009019 10.1080/00207170110112278 10.1002/acs.1266 10.1109/78.275601 10.1016/j.automatica.2007.06.011 10.1109/TCSII.2005.862281 10.1109/TSP.2016.2516966 10.1109/TSP.2014.2301135 10.1109/TCSI.2009.2025803 10.1016/j.mcm.2010.12.059 10.1109/TIM.2012.2186654 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2020 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2020 |
| DBID | 97E RIA RIE AAYXX CITATION 7SP 8FD L7M |
| DOI | 10.1109/TCSI.2019.2944221 |
| DatabaseName | IEEE Xplore (IEEE) IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998–Present IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) CrossRef Electronics & Communications Abstracts Technology Research Database Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Technology Research Database Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Electronics & Communications Abstracts |
| DatabaseTitleList | Technology Research Database |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: RIE name: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ sourceTypes: Publisher |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering |
| EISSN | 1558-0806 |
| EndPage | 211 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1109_TCSI_2019_2944221 8930034 |
| Genre | orig-research |
| GroupedDBID | 0R~ 29I 4.4 5VS 6IK 97E AAJGR AARMG AASAJ AAWTH ABAZT ABQJQ ABVLG ACIWK AETIX AGQYO AGSQL AHBIQ AIBXA AKJIK AKQYR ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ATWAV BEFXN BFFAM BGNUA BKEBE BPEOZ EBS EJD HZ~ H~9 IFIPE IPLJI JAVBF M43 O9- OCL PZZ RIA RIE RNS VJK AAYXX CITATION 7SP 8FD L7M |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c293t-41aa457d4aaff2c1eaaa21db117ffba4bf1540af967ec4f444e767766e10e11f3 |
| IEDL.DBID | RIE |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 20 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000508385000018&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 1549-8328 |
| IngestDate | Mon Jun 30 04:52:17 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 06:23:52 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:39:02 EST 2025 Wed Aug 27 02:41:20 EDT 2025 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 1 |
| Language | English |
| License | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c293t-41aa457d4aaff2c1eaaa21db117ffba4bf1540af967ec4f444e767766e10e11f3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9155-0427 0000-0002-2192-7855 0000-0001-7212-4182 |
| PQID | 2339335880 |
| PQPubID | 85411 |
| PageCount | 14 |
| ParticipantIDs | crossref_citationtrail_10_1109_TCSI_2019_2944221 ieee_primary_8930034 proquest_journals_2339335880 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSI_2019_2944221 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2020-Jan. 2020-1-00 20200101 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2020-01-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 01 year: 2020 text: 2020-Jan. |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | New York |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: New York |
| PublicationTitle | IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. I, Regular papers |
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | TCSI |
| PublicationYear | 2020 |
| Publisher | IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| Publisher_xml | – name: IEEE – name: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| References | ref35 ref13 (ref34) 2019 ref12 ref37 ref15 ref14 ref31 ref30 ref11 ref32 ref10 zheng (ref21) 2003; 4 ref39 ref17 ref38 ref16 ref19 ref18 haykin (ref33) 2008 han (ref36) 2014 camacho (ref2) 2013 ref24 ref23 ref26 ref25 ref20 ref41 ref22 ref28 cao (ref1) 2009; 56 ref27 ref29 ref8 ref7 gentleman (ref40) 1982 ref9 ref4 ref3 ref6 ref5 wan (ref42) 2006 |
| References_xml | – ident: ref25 doi: 10.1016/j.apm.2010.10.003 – ident: ref16 doi: 10.1049/iet-cta.2010.0211 – ident: ref39 doi: 10.1109/TASL.2012.2236315 – ident: ref9 doi: 10.23919/ECC.2013.6669232 – ident: ref5 doi: 10.1002/9780470740156 – volume: 56 start-page: 1955 year: 2009 ident: ref1 article-title: A repetitive model predictive control approach for precision tracking of a linear motion system publication-title: IEEE Trans Ind Electron doi: 10.1109/TIE.2008.2007034 – year: 2006 ident: ref42 publication-title: Speech enhancement assessment resource (SpEAR) database – ident: ref19 doi: 10.1109/TAC.1983.1103312 – ident: ref12 doi: 10.1109/TSP.2012.2197208 – ident: ref7 doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2006.11.025 – ident: ref41 doi: 10.1109/ICOSP.2010.5655365 – ident: ref28 doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2011.05.010 – ident: ref27 doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2008.07.007 – ident: ref3 doi: 10.1109/TVT.2011.2145424 – year: 2013 ident: ref2 publication-title: Model Predictive Control – ident: ref14 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-1768-8_11 – ident: ref17 doi: 10.1016/0304-4076(94)01642-D – volume: 4 start-page: 4 year: 2003 ident: ref21 article-title: A least-squares based algorithm for FIR filtering with noisy data publication-title: Proc IEEE Int Symp Circuits Syst (ISCAS) – ident: ref32 doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2011.2123770 – year: 2014 ident: ref36 article-title: Hardware implementation of multiple-input multiple-output transceiver for wireless communication – ident: ref10 doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2014.10.037 – ident: ref23 doi: 10.1109/LSP.2008.919813 – ident: ref30 doi: 10.1109/TASLP.2015.2464692 – ident: ref6 doi: 10.1109/TNS.2015.2432032 – ident: ref38 doi: 10.1016/j.mejo.2011.10.009 – ident: ref29 doi: 10.1109/ISCAS.2016.7539136 – ident: ref20 doi: 10.1080/00207178208922631 – ident: ref22 doi: 10.1109/TAC.2007.904322 – ident: ref18 doi: 10.1007/BFb0009019 – ident: ref15 doi: 10.1080/00207170110112278 – ident: ref24 doi: 10.1002/acs.1266 – ident: ref11 doi: 10.1109/78.275601 – year: 2019 ident: ref34 publication-title: Supplementary material for this paper – ident: ref8 doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2007.06.011 – ident: ref31 doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2005.862281 – ident: ref4 doi: 10.1109/TSP.2016.2516966 – year: 2008 ident: ref33 publication-title: Adaptive Filter Theory – start-page: 19 year: 1982 ident: ref40 article-title: Matrix triangularization by systolic arrays publication-title: Proc Annu Tech Symp Int Soc Opt Photon – ident: ref13 doi: 10.1109/TSP.2014.2301135 – ident: ref37 doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2009.2025803 – ident: ref26 doi: 10.1016/j.mcm.2010.12.059 – ident: ref35 doi: 10.1109/TIM.2012.2186654 |
| SSID | ssj0029031 |
| Score | 2.3839185 |
| Snippet | This paper proposes a new variable forgetting factor QRD-based recursive least squares algorithm with bias compensation (VFF-QRRLS-BC) for system... |
| SourceID | proquest crossref ieee |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 198 |
| SubjectTerms | Additive noise Algorithms Bias bias compensation Compensation Computer simulation efficient hardware implementation Estimation Field programmable gate arrays Finite impulse response filters Finite impulse response model Hardware Impulse response Least squares method Linear arrays Lookup tables Noise Noise measurement Recursive methods Self calibration Steady state System identification variable forgetting factor |
| Title | A New Variable Forgetting Factor-Based Bias-Compensated RLS Algorithm for Identification of FIR Systems With Input Noise and Its Hardware Implementation |
| URI | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8930034 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2339335880 |
| Volume | 67 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000508385000018&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVIEE databaseName: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) customDbUrl: eissn: 1558-0806 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0029031 issn: 1549-8328 databaseCode: RIE dateStart: 20040101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ providerName: IEEE |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1Lb9QwELbaqgc4UEpBLC1oDj0h3MaOY8fHbdWIlapV1RboLXL8gJXapNpk4a_wc2s77goEQuLmw1iK_Dnz8sw3CB2KnBVEKI2LzHLMlCK4NEWocGREKtbk3EWe2XMxn5c3N_JiA31Y98JYa2PxmT0Ky_iWbzq9CqmyY29bA5_KJtoUgo-9WuvgSmb5yI3KJPa3tEwvmCSTx9enV7NQxCWPqGSMUvKbDYpDVf7QxNG8VDv_92HP0bPkRsJ0xH0Xbdj2BXr6C7ngHvo5Ba_B4LMPhkN7FFQx-R2qnKGKQ3bwibdgBk4WqsdBLfiA1jueBi7Pr2B6-7VbLoZvd-CdWhi7eV1K70HnoJpdQiI7hy9eDmbt_WqAebfoLajWwGzoIVQF_FBLC5GC-C51ObUv0afq7Pr0I05zGLD2zsCAGVGKFcJ4JJ2jmlilFCWmIUQ413hAnT_1TDnJhdXMMcas4B4hbklmCXH5K7TVdq19jaDkpTa2LLjjlDXENkJ6J8GxhjKhDWkmKHtEptaJpDzMyritY7CSyTqAWQcw6wTmBL1fb7kfGTr-JbwX0FsLJuAm6OAR_jr9w31N81zmeeEV3Ju_79pHT2iIvmNC5gBtDcuVfYu29fdh0S_fxev5ABTQ4x8 |
| linkProvider | IEEE |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1Lb9QwELZKQaIcyqOtWFpgDpwQaWPHsePjtmrUiGWF2gV6ixw_YKU2qTZZ-Cv83NpedwUCIXHzYSxF_px5eeYbhN7wjOaYS5XkqWEJlRInhc59hSPFQtImYzbwzE74dFpcXoqPG-jduhfGGBOKz8yhX4a3fN2ppU-VHTnb6vlU7qH7fnJW7NZah1cizVbsqFQk7p4W8Q0Tp-JodnJR-TIucUgEpYTg36xQGKvyhy4OBqZ8_H-f9gRtR0cSxivkn6IN0z5Dj36hF9xBP8fgdBh8duGwb5CCMqS_fZ0zlGHMTnLsbJiG47nsE68YXEjrXE8N55MLGF997Rbz4ds1OLcWVv28Nib4oLNQVucQ6c7hi5ODqr1ZDjDt5r0B2Wqohh58XcAPuTAQSIivY59Tu4s-laezk7MkTmJIlHMHhoRiKWnOtcPSWqKwkVISrBuMubWNg9S6U0-lFYwbRS2l1HDGOWMGpwZjm-2hzbZrzXMEBSuUNkXOLCO0wabhwrkJljaEcqVxM0LpHTK1ijTlflrGVR3ClVTUHszag1lHMEfo7XrLzYqj41_COx69tWAEboQO7uCv41_c1yTLRJblTsW9-Puu1-jh2ezDpJ5U0_f7aIv4WDykZw7Q5rBYmpfogfo-zPvFq3BVbwENeuZo |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+New+Variable+Forgetting+Factor-Based+Bias-Compensated+RLS+Algorithm+for+Identification+of+FIR+Systems+With+Input+Noise+and+Its+Hardware+Implementation&rft.jtitle=IEEE+transactions+on+circuits+and+systems.+I%2C+Regular+papers&rft.au=Tan%2C+Hai+Jun&rft.au=Shing+Chow+Chan&rft.au=Lin%2C+Jian+Qiang&rft.au=Xu%2C+Sun&rft.date=2020-01-01&rft.pub=The+Institute+of+Electrical+and+Electronics+Engineers%2C+Inc.+%28IEEE%29&rft.issn=1549-8328&rft.eissn=1558-0806&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=198&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTCSI.2019.2944221&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1549-8328&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1549-8328&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1549-8328&client=summon |