High‐resolution reference evapotranspiration for arid Egypt: Comparative analysis and evaluation of empirical and artificial intelligence models

Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration has crucial importance in arid regions like Egypt, which suffers from the scarcity of precipitation and water shortages. This study provides an investigation of the performance of 31 widely used empirical equations and 20 models developed using five artifici...

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Vydáno v:International journal of climatology Ročník 42; číslo 16; s. 10217 - 10237
Hlavní autoři: Sobh, Mohamed Tarek, Nashwan, Mohamed Salem, Amer, Nabil
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 30.12.2022
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Témata:
Algorithms
Arid regions
Arid zones
Artificial intelligence
Comparative analysis
Daily
Empirical equations
Estimates
Evapotranspiration
Evapotranspiration estimates
Evapotranspiration models
Fuzzy logic
Group method of data handling
machine learning
Mathematical models
MENA
Minimum temperatures
Modelling
Neural networks
Penman–Monteith equation
potential evapotranspiration
Radial basis function
Radiation
Relative humidity
Resolution
Spline functions
Splines
Statistical analysis
Support vector machines
Water scarcity
Water shortages
Wind speed
Egypt
ISSN:0899-8418, 1097-0088
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Shrnutí:Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration has crucial importance in arid regions like Egypt, which suffers from the scarcity of precipitation and water shortages. This study provides an investigation of the performance of 31 widely used empirical equations and 20 models developed using five artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to estimate reference evapotranspiration (ET0) to generate gridded high‐resolution daily ET0 estimates over Egypt. The AI algorithms include support vector machine‐radial basis function (SVM‐RBF), random forest (RF), group method of data handling neural network (GMDH‐NN), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and dynamic evolving neural fuzzy interference system (DENFIS). Daily observations records of 41 stations distributed over Egypt were used to calculate ET0 using FAO56 Penman–Monteith equation as a reference estimate. The multiparameter Kling‐Gupta efficiency (KGE) metric was used as an evaluation metric for its robustness in representing different statistical error/agreement characteristics in a single value. By category, the empirical equations based on radiation performed better in replicating FAO56‐PM followed by temperature‐ and mass‐transfer‐based ones. Ritchie equation was found to be the best overall in Egypt (median KGE 0.76) followed by Caprio (median KGE 0.64), and Penman (median KGE 0.52) equations based on station‐wise ranking. On the other hand, the RF model, having maximum and minimum temperatures, wind speed, and relative humidity as predictors, outperformed other AI algorithms. Overall, the RF model performed the best among all the AI models and empirical equations. The generated 0.10° × 0.10° daily estimates of ET0 enabled the detection of a significant increase of 0.12–0.16 mm·decade−1 in the agricultural‐dependent Nile Delta using the modified Mann–Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator. Thirty‐one empirical equations and 20 AI models were evaluated for estimating reference evapotranspiration (ET0) in arid Egypt compared to the Penman–Monteith equation (FAO56‐PM). The robust statistical metric Kling‐Gupta efficiency (KGE) was used for evaluation. Best performing model used to develop high‐resolution ET0. The generated 0.10° × 0.10° daily estimates of ET0 enabled the detection of a significant increase of 0.12–0.16 mm·decade−1 in the agricultural‐dependent Nile Delta using the modified Mann–Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator.
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ISSN:0899-8418
1097-0088
DOI:10.1002/joc.7894