A Closed-Form Expression for the Gaussian Noise Model in the Presence of Raman Amplification

A closed-form model for the nonlinear interference (NLI) in Raman amplified links is presented, the formula accounts for both forward (FW) and backward (BW) pumping schemes and inter-channel stimulated Raman scattering (ISRS) effect. The formula also accounts for an arbitrary number of pumps, wavele...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of lightwave technology Vol. 42; no. 2; pp. 636 - 648
Main Authors: Buglia, Henrique, Jarmolovicius, Mindaugas, Galdino, Lidia, Killey, Robert I., Bayvel, Polina
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York IEEE 15.01.2024
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:
Amplification
Closed form solutions
closed-form approximation
Estimation
Exact solutions
Gaussian noise model
inter-channel stimulated Raman scattering
Mathematical models
nonlinear distortion
nonlinear interference
Numerical integration
Optical attenuators
Optical communication
optical fibre communications
Optical pumping
Optical scattering
Raman amplification
Raman spectra
Random noise
S+C+L band transmission
Stimulated emission
Ultra-wideband transmission
Ultrawideband
ISSN:0733-8724, 1558-2213
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:A closed-form model for the nonlinear interference (NLI) in Raman amplified links is presented, the formula accounts for both forward (FW) and backward (BW) pumping schemes and inter-channel stimulated Raman scattering (ISRS) effect. The formula also accounts for an arbitrary number of pumps, wavelength-dependent fibre parameters, launch-power profiles, and is tested over a distributed Raman-amplified system setup. The formula is suitable for ultra-wideband (UWB) optical transmission systems and is applied in a signal with 13 THz optical bandwidth corresponding to transmission over the S-, C-, and L- band. The accuracy of the closed-form formula is validated through comparison with numerical integration of the Gaussian noise (GN) model and split-step Fourier method (SSFM) simulations in a point-to-point transmission link.
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content type line 14
ISSN:0733-8724
1558-2213
DOI:10.1109/JLT.2023.3315127