General Framework to Reversible Data Hiding for JPEG Images With Multiple Two-Dimensional Histograms

In this paper, a general reversible data hiding (RDH) framework for joint photographic experts group (JPEG) images with multiple two dimensional histograms (2DHs) is proposed. Regardless of whether zero alternating current (AC) coefficients are included to join data embedding or only non-zero AC coe...

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Vydáno v:IEEE transactions on multimedia Ročník 25; s. 5747 - 5762
Hlavní autoři: Weng, Shaowei, Zhou, Ye, Zhang, Tiancong, Xiao, Mengyao, Zhao, Yao
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Piscataway IEEE 2023
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Témata:
Adaptive 2D mapping generation
Alternating current
band smoothness estimator
block smoothness estimator
Coefficients
Complexity
Computing costs
Costs
Discrete cosine transforms
Distortion
Embedding
Evolutionary computation
Histograms
IDPSO
Image coding
Image compression
Image quality
JPEG images
Mapping
Particle swarm optimization
reversible data hiding
Transform coding
Visualization
ISSN:1520-9210, 1941-0077
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Shrnutí:In this paper, a general reversible data hiding (RDH) framework for joint photographic experts group (JPEG) images with multiple two dimensional histograms (2DHs) is proposed. Regardless of whether zero alternating current (AC) coefficients are included to join data embedding or only non-zero AC coefficients are applied, the performance in terms of visual quality and file size increment is improved by using the proposed framework. This framework is mainly composed of the following three parts: histogram generation, adaptive 2DH mapping selection, and improved discrete particle swarm optimization (IDPSO). Unlike existing 2DH-based JPEG RDH methods, in which a uniform threshold is utilized to construct multiple histograms, in histogram generation, thresholds for different histograms are adaptively assigned according to the local properties of histogram coefficients. As a result, as many coefficients in complex regions as possible are excluded from the construction of each histogram. We subtly design multiple 2DH mappings, and adaptively select 2DH mappings for different 2DHs based on their distribution characteristics. Through slight adjustments, each 2DH mapping can be employed in cases where either zero AC coefficients or only non-zero AC coefficients are used for data embedding. Adaptive threshold and 2DH mapping selection provide a better image quality at a given embedding capacity but inevitably cause considerable complexity cost. To significantly reduce the computational cost, we propose IDPSO by combining differential evolution. IDPSO has the advantages of rapid convergence speed as well as satisfactory qualities of the best solutions. With the help of differential evolution, IDPSO expands the diversity of particles and efficiently avoids local optimal trapping problems. The experimental results also demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of visual quality, file size increment and complexity cost.
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ISSN:1520-9210
1941-0077
DOI:10.1109/TMM.2022.3198877