Online Detuning Computation and Quench Detection for Superconducting Resonators

Superconducting cavities are responsible for beam acceleration in superconducting linear accelerators. Challenging cavity control specifications are necessary to reduce radio frequency (RF) costs and to maximize the availability of the accelerator. Cavity detuning and bandwidth are two critical para...

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Vydáno v:IEEE transactions on nuclear science Ročník 68; číslo 4; s. 385 - 393
Hlavní autoři: Bellandi, Andrea, Butkowski, Lukasz, Dursun, Burak, Eichler, Annika, Gumus, Cagil, Kuntzsch, Michael, Nawaz, Ayla, Pfeiffer, Sven, Schlarb, Holger, Schmidt, Christian, Zenker, Klaus, Branlard, Julien
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: New York IEEE 01.04.2021
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Témata:
Acceleration
Algorithms
Bandwidth
Bandwidths
Continuous radiation
Continuous wave (CW)
Control algorithms
digital signal processing (DSP)
Electron beams
Emittance
Estimation
Field programmable gate arrays
field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)
Free electron lasers
Holes
Laser beams
Linear accelerators
Mathematical analysis
parameter estimation
Parameters
particle accelerators
Piezoelectricity
Q factors
Q-factor
Radio frequency
Real time
Signal to noise ratio
superconducting cavities
Superconductivity
ISSN:0018-9499, 1558-1578
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Shrnutí:Superconducting cavities are responsible for beam acceleration in superconducting linear accelerators. Challenging cavity control specifications are necessary to reduce radio frequency (RF) costs and to maximize the availability of the accelerator. Cavity detuning and bandwidth are two critical parameters to monitor when operating particle accelerators. Cavity detuning is strongly related to the power required to generate the desired accelerating gradient. Cavity bandwidth is related to the cavity RF losses. A sudden increase in bandwidth can indicate the presence of a quench or multipacting event. Therefore, calculating these parameters in real time in the low-level RF (LLRF) system is highly desirable. A real-time estimation of the bandwidth allows for a faster response of the machine protection system in the case of quench events, whereas the estimation of cavity detuning can be used to drive piezoelectric tuner-based resonance control algorithms. In this article, a new field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based estimation component is presented. Such a component is designed to be used either in continuous wave (CW) or pulsed operation mode with loaded quality factors between <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">10^{6} </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">10^{8} </tex-math></inline-formula>. Results of this component with free-electron LASer in Hamburg (FLASH), European X-ray free electron laser (EuXFEL), cryo module test bench (CMTB), and electron linac for beams with high brilliance and low emittance (ELBE) are presented.
Bibliografie:ObjectType-Article-1
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ISSN:0018-9499
1558-1578
DOI:10.1109/TNS.2021.3067598