Hybrid AC Shipboard Microgrid Time Delayed LFC and AVR Controllers Tuning Through Gazelle Optimization Algorithm and Real-Time HIL Implementation

Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in maritime power networks have led to the integration of renewable energy resources into hybrid AC shipboard microgrid (hSMG) systems. However, challenges are introduced in maintaining voltage and frequency within acceptable limits due to the stochastic na...

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Vydáno v:	IEEE journal of oceanic engineering Ročník 50; číslo 4; s. 2854 - 2868
Hlavní autoři:	Nivolianiti, Evaggelia, Karnavas, Yannis L., Becker, Florent, Belkhier, Youcef, Charpentier, Jean-Frederic
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	New York IEEE 01.10.2025 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Témata:	Algorithms Alternative energy sources Automatic voltage regulation (AVR) Controllers Delay effects Delays Diesel generators Distributed generation dynamic stability Dynamical systems Electric potential Electrical loads Emissions Emissions control Energy resources Energy storage Engineering Sciences Flywheels Frequency control gazelle optimization algorithm (GOA) Greenhouse gases hardware-in-the- loop (HIL) Heuristic algorithms hybrid AC shipboard microgrid (hSMG) load frequency control (LFC) Microgrids Optimization Optimization algorithms PD control Photovoltaics Power system stability proportional–integral (PI) proportional–integral–derivative (PID) Proton exchange membrane fuel cells real-time simulation Real-time systems Renewable energy Renewable energy sources Renewable resources Sensitivity analysis Sensors Stability criteria two-degree-of-freedom PID controller with filter (2-DOF-PIDF) controllers Voltage Voltage control Wave power load frequency control (LFC) Delay effects Heuristic algorithms Microgrids Power system stability Automatic voltage regulation (AVR) Voltage control Optimization proportional–integral (PI) Renewable energy sources real-time simulation dynamic stability gazelle optimization algorithm (GOA) Stability criteria hardware-in-the- loop (HIL) hybrid AC shipboard microgrid (hSMG) Real-time systems Delays proportional–integral–derivative (PID) two-degree-of-freedom PID controller with filter (2-DOF-PIDF) controllers
ISSN:	0364-9059, 1558-1691
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