Joint IRS and precoder design for OFDM-based mmWave massive MIMO systems

This paper investigates the joint design of hybrid precoding and intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) phase shifts for wideband millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive MIMO systems. The design problem is formulated as a spectral efficiency maximization under hardware constraints, and a hybrid precoding wit...

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Published in:	Telecommunication systems Vol. 88; no. 4; p. 122
Main Author:	Ibwe, Kwame
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York Springer US 01.12.2025 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Algorithms Artificial Intelligence Broadband Business and Management Computer Communication Networks Efficiency Fourier transforms IT in Business Millimeter waves MIMO communication Optimization Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Performance evaluation Phase noise Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes Propagation Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces Transmitters Upper bounds mmWave MIMO IRS OFDM Precoder
ISSN:	1018-4864, 1572-9451
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Abstract	This paper investigates the joint design of hybrid precoding and intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) phase shifts for wideband millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive MIMO systems. The design problem is formulated as a spectral efficiency maximization under hardware constraints, and a hybrid precoding with IRS design (HPID) algorithm is developed. The digital precoders are updated via projected gradient ascent with power projection, while the IRS phases are optimized using alternating optimization. A theoretical upper bound based on fully digital precoding is also derived for benchmarking. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves over 20% higher spectral efficiency compared to conventional hybrid baselines and attains more than 90% of the fully digital upper bound. The algorithm converges within 15–20 iterations and maintains robust performance under phase noise, suitable candidate for high-throughput and reliable 6G wideband deployments.
AbstractList	This paper investigates the joint design of hybrid precoding and intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) phase shifts for wideband millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive MIMO systems. The design problem is formulated as a spectral efficiency maximization under hardware constraints, and a hybrid precoding with IRS design (HPID) algorithm is developed. The digital precoders are updated via projected gradient ascent with power projection, while the IRS phases are optimized using alternating optimization. A theoretical upper bound based on fully digital precoding is also derived for benchmarking. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves over 20% higher spectral efficiency compared to conventional hybrid baselines and attains more than 90% of the fully digital upper bound. The algorithm converges within 15–20 iterations and maintains robust performance under phase noise, suitable candidate for high-throughput and reliable 6G wideband deployments.
ArticleNumber	122
Author	Ibwe, Kwame
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Kwame surname: Ibwe fullname: Ibwe, Kwame email: kwame.ibwe@udsm.ac.tz organization: Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering, College of Information and Communication Technologies, University of Dar es Salaam
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SubjectTerms	Algorithms Artificial Intelligence Broadband Business and Management Computer Communication Networks Efficiency Fourier transforms IT in Business Millimeter waves MIMO communication Optimization Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Performance evaluation Phase noise Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes Propagation Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces Transmitters Upper bounds
Title	Joint IRS and precoder design for OFDM-based mmWave massive MIMO systems
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