Development of a Noise-Robust Algorithm for Crack Detection in Beams: Numerical and Experimental Analysis

Purpose This study aims to develop a noise-robust crack detection algorithm based on finite element modelling for a single cracked cantilever beam. The objective is to accurately identify the crack location from beam deflection data, even in the presence of measurement noise. Methods A numerical mod...

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Vydáno v:Journal of Vibration Engineering & Technologies Ročník 13; číslo 6; s. 422
Hlavní autoři: Nigam, Ravi, Singh, Sachin K., Kumar, Ramnivas
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Singapore Springer Nature Singapore 01.08.2025
Springer Nature B.V
Témata:
Acoustics
Control
Dynamical Systems
Engineering
Engineering Acoustics
Original Paper
Vibration
Slope discontinuity
Crack detection
Discrete wavelet transform
Image edge detection
Variance
ISSN:2523-3920, 2523-3939
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Shrnutí:Purpose This study aims to develop a noise-robust crack detection algorithm based on finite element modelling for a single cracked cantilever beam. The objective is to accurately identify the crack location from beam deflection data, even in the presence of measurement noise. Methods A numerical model simulates the cantilever beam with a single crack, introducing a local slope discontinuity in its elastic line. To detect this discontinuity obscured by noise, a discrete wavelet transform (DWT)-based algorithm is proposed. Experimental validation is carried out using an economical, digital photograph-based setup to capture beam deflection shapes. Beam edges are extracted from images, and the non-cracked edge profile is used to determine the deflection shape. The DWT-based technique is applied to this data to locate the crack. To improve noise robustness, a windowed variance technique is incorporated to amplify crack-induced discontinuities. Furthermore, averaging the DWT coefficients from multiple beam responses is employed to suppress noise and enhance crack detectability. Results The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DWT-based algorithm effectively identifies the crack location, even in noisy measurement conditions. The use of windowed variance improves sensitivity to slope discontinuities, while averaging wavelet coefficients from multiple beam images significantly enhances detection performance. Conclusions The study concludes that the combined use of discrete wavelet transform, windowed variance, and coefficient averaging provides a reliable and noise-robust method for crack detection in cantilever beams. The proposed economical, photograph-based experimental approach further makes the method accessible for practical structural health monitoring applications.
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ISSN:2523-3920
2523-3939
DOI:10.1007/s42417-025-01982-8