Mesostructured zeolite ZSM-5 directed by polyethylene glycol (PEG) at low temperature for producing high aromatic green gasoline from palm oil

ZSM-5 has become the primary catalyst for converting palm oil into green gasoline. However, the small intrinsic micropore of ZSM-5 creates a diffusion issue, especially for the bulky molecule of palm oil, which decreases the conversion. Introducing additional mesopores to ZSM-5, forming a hierarchic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of porous materials Vol. 32; no. 5; pp. 2015 - 2025
Main Authors: Nanda, Arxhel S. F., Maghfirah, Ainul, Khalil, Munawar, Rasrendra, Carolus B., Fahma, Farah, Kadja, Grandprix T. M.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York Springer US 01.10.2025
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Biodiesel fuels
Biofuels
Catalysis
Catalytic cracking
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Crystallization
Fixed bed reactors
Gasoline
Hydrocarbons
Low temperature
Palm oil
Physical Chemistry
Polyethylene glycol
Vegetable oils
Zeolites
Indonesia
Palm oil conversion
Green gasoline
Hierarchical zeolites
ZSM-5
Catalytic cracking
ISSN:1380-2224, 1573-4854
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Summary:ZSM-5 has become the primary catalyst for converting palm oil into green gasoline. However, the small intrinsic micropore of ZSM-5 creates a diffusion issue, especially for the bulky molecule of palm oil, which decreases the conversion. Introducing additional mesopores to ZSM-5, forming a hierarchical zeolite, could resolve this issue. This work presents the formation of a hierarchical ZSM-5 assisted by polyethylene glycol (PEG) at low temperatures. The TEM images and N 2 adsorption isotherms confirmed the formation of interconnected mesopores in the ZSM-5 framework. We found that the molecular weight of PEG (PEG-400, PEG-4000, and PEG-5800) firmly controlled the textural properties and catalytic performance of palm oil conversion into green gasoline. Among the PEG types, PEG-4000 significantly increased the S BET and S ext to 400 and 198 m 2 /g, respectively. PEG-4000 also increased the hierarchy factor index by about two times that of commercial ZSM-5 and ZSM-5 prepared without PEG. Despite the lower acidity, the prepared hierarchical ZSM-5 exhibited higher gasoline yields than the commercial one, with a remarkable selectivity toward aromatic gasoline. Accordingly, the prepared hierarchical ZSM-5 improved the quality of the gasoline by increasing the RON values to 110–119, higher than the commercial zeolite (RON: 102).
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ISSN:1380-2224
1573-4854
DOI:10.1007/s10934-025-01826-6