An early fault online detection model of rolling bearing based on deep attention convolutional autoencoder and multi-decision fusion under variable operation conditions

•A new attention mechanism is designed by combining an improved multi-head attention mechanism with the rotational position encoder.•Combining self-supervised residual to screen data to optimize the transfer fine-tuning effect of the model.•Integrating multiple anomaly detection algorithms to improv...

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Vydané v:	Measurement : journal of the International Measurement Confederation Ročník 253; s. 117752
Hlavní autori:	Zhu, Wenchang, Miao, Qiuhua, Cao, Yudong, Huang, Peng, Fan, Hongwei
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Elsevier Ltd 01.09.2025
Predmet:	Deep autoencoder Fine-tuned transfer learning Improved multi-head attention mechanism Multi-decision fusion Rotary position embedding Fine-tuned transfer learning Rotary position embedding Improved multi-head attention mechanism Multi-decision fusion Deep autoencoder
ISSN:	0263-2241
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Shrnutí:	•A new attention mechanism is designed by combining an improved multi-head attention mechanism with the rotational position encoder.•Combining self-supervised residual to screen data to optimize the transfer fine-tuning effect of the model.•Integrating multiple anomaly detection algorithms to improve the robustness and reliability of the early fault detection model. A method based on model pre-training, fine-tuned transfer learning, and multi-decision fusion is proposed to achieve high-precision online early fault detection of rolling bearing under complex and variable operation conditions. Firstly, a novel attention mechanism is designed by combining the improved multi-head attention mechanism with rotary position embedding, and the Deep Attention Convolutional Autoencoder (DACAE) is constructed to extract bearing feature. Secondly, a self-supervised pre-training and fine-tuning strategy is used to features transfer, and combining data reconstruction error screening and enhancement algorithm to complete model optimization. Finally, various online detection results of algorithms are integrated, and multi decision voting mechanism is used to complete the detection task. Different bearing datasets are carried out, and the results show that the proposed method can effectively identify the early fault of rolling bearings, and reduce the false alarm rate under different working conditions, which has high robustness and reliability in the industry.
ISSN:	0263-2241
DOI:	10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117752