Integrating machine learning with lateral flow immunoassay for ultrafast and sensitive tadalafil detection

Tadalafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor frequently detected in functional foods and dietary supplements, poses significant risks. To enable sensitive on-site detection, an anti-tadalafil monoclonal antibody (3C5) with an IC₅₀ of 0.32 ng mL−1 was prepared. Antibody-antigen binding kinetics re...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Food chemistry Vol. 498; no. Pt 1; p. 147098
Main Authors: Chen, Jiawei, Chen, Zhenzhen, Yu, Sha, Xiao, Xiaoyue, Peng, Juan, Xia, Yudi, Lai, Weihua
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.01.2026
Subjects:
Lateral flow immunoassay
Machine learning
Random forest algorithm
Tadalafil detection
Random forest algorithm
Tadalafil detection
Lateral flow immunoassay
Machine learning
ISSN:0308-8146, 1873-7072, 1873-7072
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Tadalafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor frequently detected in functional foods and dietary supplements, poses significant risks. To enable sensitive on-site detection, an anti-tadalafil monoclonal antibody (3C5) with an IC₅₀ of 0.32 ng mL−1 was prepared. Antibody-antigen binding kinetics revealed distinct variations in the early detection stage, prompting the integration of lateral flow immunoassay with machine learning (LFIA@ML) to further speed up testing. A Random Forest model trained on multi-dimensional signal features achieved fast detection and high accuracy, with a coefficient of determination of 0.995 and a mean absolute error of 0.038. For 140 samples, the LFIA@ML demonstrated a 94.3 % prediction accuracy and significantly reduced detection time to 3 min. The assay exhibited a strong correlation with LC-MS/MS, with recoveries ranging from 92.3 % to 112 % (coefficient variations ≤15.37 %). The LFIA@ML showcased the ability to reduce detection time by using the Random Forest algorithm and was validated in wine samples. [Display omitted] •Sensitive monoclonal antibodies against tadalafil were developed.•A fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay detecting tadalafil was developed.•LFIA@ML achieves ultrafast detection (<3 min) versus conventional 10–20 min.•The results showed that the LFIA@ML correlated well with LC-MS.
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ISSN:0308-8146
1873-7072
1873-7072
DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.147098