A Geometric Approach to Aggregate Flexibility Modeling of Thermostatically Controlled Loads

Coordinated aggregation of a large population of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) presents a great potential to provide various ancillary services to the grid. One of the key challenges of integrating TCLs into system-level operation and control is developing a simple and portable model to a...

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Veröffentlicht in:IEEE transactions on power systems Jg. 32; H. 6; S. 4721 - 4731
Hauptverfasser: Lin Zhao, Wei Zhang, He Hao, Kalsi, Karanjit
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: United States IEEE 01.11.2017
Schlagworte:
Aggregate flexibility
Batteries
Demand response
Frequency control
frequency regulation
Linear systems
Load modeling
Minkowski sum
POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
Renewable energy sources
thermostatically controlled loads
virtual battery model
ISSN:0885-8950, 1558-0679
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Zusammenfassung:Coordinated aggregation of a large population of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) presents a great potential to provide various ancillary services to the grid. One of the key challenges of integrating TCLs into system-level operation and control is developing a simple and portable model to accurately capture their aggregate flexibility. In this paper, we propose a geometric approach to model the aggregate flexibility of TCLs. We show that the set of admissible power profiles of an individual TCL is a polytope, and their aggregate flexibility is the Minkowski sum of the individual polytopes. In order to represent their aggregate flexibility in an intuitive way and achieve a tractable approximation, we develop optimization-based algorithms to approximate the polytopes by the homothets of a given convex set. As a special application, this set is chosen as a virtual battery model, and the corresponding optimal approximations are solved efficiently by equivalent linear programming problems. Numerical results show that our algorithms yield significant improvement in characterizing the aggregate flexibility over existing modeling methods. We also conduct case studies to demonstrate the efficacy of our approaches by coordinating TCLs to track a frequency regulation signal from the Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland Interconnection.
Bibliographie:USDOE
National Science Foundation (NSF)
PNNL-SA-120065
AC05-76RL01830; ECCS-1309569; CNS-1552838
ISSN:0885-8950
1558-0679
DOI:10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2674699