Resilience and Resistance of Sagebrush Ecosystems: Implications for State and Transition Models and Management Treatments

In sagebrush ecosystems invasion of annual exotics and expansion of piñon (Pinus monophylla Torr. and Frem.) and juniper (Juniperus occidentalis Hook., J. osteosperma [Torr.] Little) are altering fire regimes and resulting in large-scale ecosystem transformations. Management treatments aim to increa...

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Vydáno v:	Rangeland ecology & management Ročník 67; číslo 5; s. 440 - 454
Hlavní autoři:	Chambers, Jeanne C., Miller, Richard F., Board, David I., Pyke, David A., Roundy, Bruce A., Grace, James B., Schupp, Eugene W., Tausch, Robin J.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Lawrence the Society for Range Management 01.09.2014 Elsevier Inc Elsevier Limited
Témata:	Artemisia tridentata Artemisia tridentata subsp. wyomingensis Biocompatibility Biomedical materials Bromus tectorum Bromus tectorum invasion ecological sites Ecosystem management Ecosystems Environment models Environmental conditions environmental gradients fire regime fuels Functional groups Grasses ground vegetation Herbs Indigenous species Introduced species Invasive species Juniperus occidentalis mechanical treatments Mowing Nonnative species Pinus monophylla piñon and juniper expansion Plant communities Precipitation prediction Prescribed fire Pretreatment Research s Resilience shrubs Steppes Strategic management Temperature Trees Vegetation Woody plants Wyoming United States > US ecological sites piñon and juniper expansion Bromus tectorum invasion environmental gradients mechanical treatments prescribed fire
ISSN:	1550-7424, 1551-5028, 1551-5028
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Shrnutí:	In sagebrush ecosystems invasion of annual exotics and expansion of piñon (Pinus monophylla Torr. and Frem.) and juniper (Juniperus occidentalis Hook., J. osteosperma [Torr.] Little) are altering fire regimes and resulting in large-scale ecosystem transformations. Management treatments aim to increase resilience to disturbance and enhance resistance to invasive species by reducing woody fuels and increasing native perennial herbaceous species. We used Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project data to test predictions on effects of fire vs. mechanical treatments on resilience and resistance for three site types exhibiting cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) invasion and/or piñon and juniper expansion: 1) warm and dry Wyoming big sagebrush (WY shrub); 2) warm and moist Wyoming big sagebrush (WY PJ); and 3) cool and moist mountain big sagebrush (Mtn PJ). Warm and dry (mesic/aridic) WY shrub sites had lower resilience to fire (less shrub recruitment and native perennial herbaceous response) than cooler and moister (frigid/xeric) WY PJ and Mtn PJ sites. Warm (mesic) WY Shrub and WY PJ sites had lower resistance to annual exotics than cool (frigid to cool frigid) Mtn PJ sites. In WY shrub, fire and sagebrush mowing had similar effects on shrub cover and, thus, on perennial native herbaceous and exotic cover. In WY PJ and Mtn PJ, effects were greater for fire than cut-and-leave treatments and with high tree cover in general because most woody vegetation was removed increasing resources for other functional groups. In WY shrub, about 20% pretreatment perennial native herb cover was necessary to prevent increases in exotics after treatment. Cooler and moister WY PJ and especially Mtn PJ were more resistant to annual exotics, but perennial native herb cover was still required for site recovery. We use our results to develop state and transition models that illustrate how resilience and resistance influence vegetation dynamics and management options.
Bibliografie:	http://dx.doi.org/10.2111%2FREM-D-13-00074.1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1550-7424 1551-5028 1551-5028
DOI:	10.2111/REM-D-13-00074.1