Effects of the low carbohydrate, high fat diet on glycemic control and body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes: experience from a community-based cohort

ObjectiveThe optimal diet to improve glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes remains unclear. Low carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diets can improve glycemic control, but have not been investigated in real-world settings.Research design and methodsWe investigated effects of the LCHF diet compared wit...

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Published in:	BMJ open diabetes research & care Vol. 8; no. 1; p. e000980
Main Authors:	Ahmed, Shabina Roohi, Bellamkonda, Sridevi, Zilbermint, Mihail, Wang, Jiangxia, Kalyani, Rita Rastogi
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England American Diabetes Association 01.03.2020 BMJ Publishing Group LTD BMJ Publishing Group
Subjects:	Blood pressure Body mass index Body Weight Calories Carbohydrates Cholesterol Clinical Care/Education/Nutrition Clinical medicine Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology Diet Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet, High-Fat dietary intervention Electronic health records Endocrinology Exercise Glucose Glycemic Control High density lipoprotein Humans Insulin Medical laboratories Medical records Metabolism nutritional management Oils & fats Overweight Patients Retrospective Studies Triglycerides type 2 diabetes United States > US nutritional management type 2 diabetes dietary intervention
ISSN:	2052-4897, 2052-4897
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Abstract	ObjectiveThe optimal diet to improve glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes remains unclear. Low carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diets can improve glycemic control, but have not been investigated in real-world settings.Research design and methodsWe investigated effects of the LCHF diet compared with usual care in a community-based cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes by performing a retrospective study of 49 patients who followed the LCHF diet for ≥3 months, and compared glycemic outcomes with age-matched and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls who received usual care (n=75). The primary outcome was change in A1C from baseline to the end of follow-up.ResultsCompared with the usual care group, the LCHF group showed a significantly greater reduction in A1C (−1.29% (95% CI −1.75 to −0.82; p<0.001)) and body weight (−12.8 kg (95% CI −14.7 to −10.8; p<0.001) at the end of follow-up after adjusting for age, sex, baseline A1C, BMI, baseline insulin dose. Of the patients initially taking insulin therapy in the LCHF group, 100% discontinued it or had a reduction in dose, compared with 23.1% in the usual care group (p<0.001). The LCHF group also had significantly greater reduction in fasting plasma glucose (−43.5 vs −8.5 mg/mL; p=0.03) compared with usual care.ConclusionsIn a community-based cohort of type 2 diabetes, the LCHF diet was associated with superior A1C reduction, greater weight loss and significantly more patients discontinuing or reducing antihyperglycemic therapies suggesting that the LCHF diet may be a metabolically favorable option in the dietary management of type 2 diabetes.
AbstractList	ObjectiveThe optimal diet to improve glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes remains unclear. Low carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diets can improve glycemic control, but have not been investigated in real-world settings.Research design and methodsWe investigated effects of the LCHF diet compared with usual care in a community-based cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes by performing a retrospective study of 49 patients who followed the LCHF diet for ≥3 months, and compared glycemic outcomes with age-matched and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls who received usual care (n=75). The primary outcome was change in A1C from baseline to the end of follow-up.ResultsCompared with the usual care group, the LCHF group showed a significantly greater reduction in A1C (−1.29% (95% CI −1.75 to −0.82; p<0.001)) and body weight (−12.8 kg (95% CI −14.7 to −10.8; p<0.001) at the end of follow-up after adjusting for age, sex, baseline A1C, BMI, baseline insulin dose. Of the patients initially taking insulin therapy in the LCHF group, 100% discontinued it or had a reduction in dose, compared with 23.1% in the usual care group (p<0.001). The LCHF group also had significantly greater reduction in fasting plasma glucose (−43.5 vs −8.5 mg/mL; p=0.03) compared with usual care.ConclusionsIn a community-based cohort of type 2 diabetes, the LCHF diet was associated with superior A1C reduction, greater weight loss and significantly more patients discontinuing or reducing antihyperglycemic therapies suggesting that the LCHF diet may be a metabolically favorable option in the dietary management of type 2 diabetes. Objective The optimal diet to improve glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes remains unclear. Low carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diets can improve glycemic control, but have not been investigated in real-world settings.Research design and methods We investigated effects of the LCHF diet compared with usual care in a community-based cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes by performing a retrospective study of 49 patients who followed the LCHF diet for ≥3 months, and compared glycemic outcomes with age-matched and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls who received usual care (n=75). The primary outcome was change in A1C from baseline to the end of follow-up.Results Compared with the usual care group, the LCHF group showed a significantly greater reduction in A1C (−1.29% (95% CI −1.75 to −0.82; p<0.001)) and body weight (−12.8 kg (95% CI −14.7 to −10.8; p<0.001) at the end of follow-up after adjusting for age, sex, baseline A1C, BMI, baseline insulin dose. Of the patients initially taking insulin therapy in the LCHF group, 100% discontinued it or had a reduction in dose, compared with 23.1% in the usual care group (p<0.001). The LCHF group also had significantly greater reduction in fasting plasma glucose (−43.5 vs −8.5 mg/mL; p=0.03) compared with usual care.Conclusions In a community-based cohort of type 2 diabetes, the LCHF diet was associated with superior A1C reduction, greater weight loss and significantly more patients discontinuing or reducing antihyperglycemic therapies suggesting that the LCHF diet may be a metabolically favorable option in the dietary management of type 2 diabetes. The optimal diet to improve glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes remains unclear. Low carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diets can improve glycemic control, but have not been investigated in real-world settings. We investigated effects of the LCHF diet compared with usual care in a community-based cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes by performing a retrospective study of 49 patients who followed the LCHF diet for ≥3 months, and compared glycemic outcomes with age-matched and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls who received usual care (n=75). The primary outcome was change in A1C from baseline to the end of follow-up. Compared with the usual care group, the LCHF group showed a significantly greater reduction in A1C (-1.29% (95% CI -1.75 to -0.82; p<0.001)) and body weight (-12.8 kg (95% CI -14.7 to -10.8; p<0.001) at the end of follow-up after adjusting for age, sex, baseline A1C, BMI, baseline insulin dose. Of the patients initially taking insulin therapy in the LCHF group, 100% discontinued it or had a reduction in dose, compared with 23.1% in the usual care group (p<0.001). The LCHF group also had significantly greater reduction in fasting plasma glucose (-43.5 vs -8.5 mg/mL; p=0.03) compared with usual care. In a community-based cohort of type 2 diabetes, the LCHF diet was associated with superior A1C reduction, greater weight loss and significantly more patients discontinuing or reducing antihyperglycemic therapies suggesting that the LCHF diet may be a metabolically favorable option in the dietary management of type 2 diabetes. The optimal diet to improve glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes remains unclear. Low carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diets can improve glycemic control, but have not been investigated in real-world settings.OBJECTIVEThe optimal diet to improve glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes remains unclear. Low carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diets can improve glycemic control, but have not been investigated in real-world settings.We investigated effects of the LCHF diet compared with usual care in a community-based cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes by performing a retrospective study of 49 patients who followed the LCHF diet for ≥3 months, and compared glycemic outcomes with age-matched and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls who received usual care (n=75). The primary outcome was change in A1C from baseline to the end of follow-up.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe investigated effects of the LCHF diet compared with usual care in a community-based cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes by performing a retrospective study of 49 patients who followed the LCHF diet for ≥3 months, and compared glycemic outcomes with age-matched and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls who received usual care (n=75). The primary outcome was change in A1C from baseline to the end of follow-up.Compared with the usual care group, the LCHF group showed a significantly greater reduction in A1C (-1.29% (95% CI -1.75 to -0.82; p<0.001)) and body weight (-12.8 kg (95% CI -14.7 to -10.8; p<0.001) at the end of follow-up after adjusting for age, sex, baseline A1C, BMI, baseline insulin dose. Of the patients initially taking insulin therapy in the LCHF group, 100% discontinued it or had a reduction in dose, compared with 23.1% in the usual care group (p<0.001). The LCHF group also had significantly greater reduction in fasting plasma glucose (-43.5 vs -8.5 mg/mL; p=0.03) compared with usual care.RESULTSCompared with the usual care group, the LCHF group showed a significantly greater reduction in A1C (-1.29% (95% CI -1.75 to -0.82; p<0.001)) and body weight (-12.8 kg (95% CI -14.7 to -10.8; p<0.001) at the end of follow-up after adjusting for age, sex, baseline A1C, BMI, baseline insulin dose. Of the patients initially taking insulin therapy in the LCHF group, 100% discontinued it or had a reduction in dose, compared with 23.1% in the usual care group (p<0.001). The LCHF group also had significantly greater reduction in fasting plasma glucose (-43.5 vs -8.5 mg/mL; p=0.03) compared with usual care.In a community-based cohort of type 2 diabetes, the LCHF diet was associated with superior A1C reduction, greater weight loss and significantly more patients discontinuing or reducing antihyperglycemic therapies suggesting that the LCHF diet may be a metabolically favorable option in the dietary management of type 2 diabetes.CONCLUSIONSIn a community-based cohort of type 2 diabetes, the LCHF diet was associated with superior A1C reduction, greater weight loss and significantly more patients discontinuing or reducing antihyperglycemic therapies suggesting that the LCHF diet may be a metabolically favorable option in the dietary management of type 2 diabetes.
Author	Ahmed, Shabina Roohi Zilbermint, Mihail Wang, Jiangxia Bellamkonda, Sridevi Kalyani, Rita Rastogi
AuthorAffiliation	2 Endocrinology , Johns Hopkins Community Physicians , Bethesda , Maryland , USA 4 Internal Medicine , Johns Hopkins Community Physicians , Germantown , Maryland , USA 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland , USA 6 Biostatistics Consulting Center , Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , Maryland , USA 5 Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins Community Physicians Suburban Hospital , Suburban Hospital , Bethesda , Maryland , USA 3 Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 6 Biostatistics Consulting Center , Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , Maryland , USA – name: 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland , USA – name: 2 Endocrinology , Johns Hopkins Community Physicians , Bethesda , Maryland , USA – name: 5 Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins Community Physicians Suburban Hospital , Suburban Hospital , Bethesda , Maryland , USA – name: 3 Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland , USA – name: 4 Internal Medicine , Johns Hopkins Community Physicians , Germantown , Maryland , USA
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Snippet	ObjectiveThe optimal diet to improve glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes remains unclear. Low carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diets can improve glycemic... The optimal diet to improve glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes remains unclear. Low carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diets can improve glycemic control,... Objective The optimal diet to improve glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes remains unclear. Low carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diets can improve glycemic...
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SubjectTerms	Blood pressure Body mass index Body Weight Calories Carbohydrates Cholesterol Clinical Care/Education/Nutrition Clinical medicine Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology Diet Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet, High-Fat dietary intervention Electronic health records Endocrinology Exercise Glucose Glycemic Control High density lipoprotein Humans Insulin Medical laboratories Medical records Metabolism nutritional management Oils & fats Overweight Patients Retrospective Studies Triglycerides type 2 diabetes
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Title	Effects of the low carbohydrate, high fat diet on glycemic control and body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes: experience from a community-based cohort
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