Full Disclosure The Perils and Promise of Transparency
Governments in recent decades have employed public disclosure strategies to reduce risks, improve public and private goods and services, and reduce injustice. In the United States, these targeted transparency policies include financial securities disclosures, nutritional labels, school report cards,...
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| Médium: | E-kniha Kniha |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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Cambridge [England] ; Tokyo
Cambridge University Press
05.03.2007
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| Vydání: | 1 |
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| ISBN: | 9780521876179, 0521699614, 0521876176, 9780521699617 |
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| Abstract | Governments in recent decades have employed public disclosure strategies to reduce risks, improve public and private goods and services, and reduce injustice. In the United States, these targeted transparency policies include financial securities disclosures, nutritional labels, school report cards, automobile rollover rankings, and sexual offender registries. They constitute a light-handed approach to governance that empowers citizens. However, as Full Disclosure shows these policies are frequently ineffective or counterproductive. Based on a comparative analysis of eighteen major policies, the authors suggest that transparency policies often produce information that is incomplete, incomprehensible, or irrelevant to the consumers, investors, workers, and community residents who could benefit from them. Sometimes transparency fails because those who are threatened by it form political coalitions to limit or distort information. To be successful, transparency policies must place the needs of ordinary citizens at centre stage and produce information that informs their everyday choices. |
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| AbstractList | Governments in recent decades have employed public disclosure strategies to reduce risks, improve public and private goods and services, and reduce injustice. In the United States, these targeted transparency policies include financial securities disclosures, nutritional labels, school report cards, automobile rollover rankings, and sexual offender registries. They constitute a light-handed approach to governance that empowers citizens. However, as Full Disclosure shows these policies are frequently ineffective or counterproductive. Based on a comparative analysis of eighteen major policies, the authors suggest that transparency policies often produce information that is incomplete, incomprehensible, or irrelevant to the consumers, investors, workers, and community residents who could benefit from them. Sometimes transparency fails because those who are threatened by it form political coalitions to limit or distort information. To be successful, transparency policies must place the needs of ordinary citizens at centre stage and produce information that informs their everyday choices. Public disclosure strategies aimed at reducing risks and improving goods and services are frequently ineffective or counterproductive. Successful transparency policies must place the needs of ordinary citizens at centre stage and produce information that informs their everyday choices. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core. Governments in recent decades have employed public disclosure strategies to reduce risks, improve public and private goods and services, and reduce injustice. In the United States, these targeted transparency policies include financial securities disclosures, nutritional labels, school report cards, automobile rollover rankings, and sexual offender registries. They constitute a light-handed approach to governance that empowers citizens. However, as Full Disclosure shows these policies are frequently ineffective or counterproductive. Based on a comparative analysis of eighteen major policies, the authors suggest that transparency policies often produce information that is incomplete, incomprehensible, or irrelevant to the consumers, investors, workers, and community residents who could benefit from them. Sometimes transparency fails because those who are threatened by it form political coalitions to limit or distort information. To be successful, transparency policies must place the needs of ordinary citizens at centre stage and produce information that informs their everyday choices. Summary reprinted by permission of Cambridge University Press |
| Author | Fung, Archon Graham, Mary Weil, David |
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| Copyright | Archon Fung, Mary Graham, and David Weil 2007 |
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| Snippet | Governments in recent decades have employed public disclosure strategies to reduce risks, improve public and private goods and services, and reduce injustice.... Public disclosure strategies aimed at reducing risks and improving goods and services are frequently ineffective or counterproductive. Successful transparency... |
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| SubjectTerms | Access control Auskunftspflicht Disclosure of information Disclosure of information -- Government policy -- United States Disclosure of information -- Law and legislation Government information Government information -- Access control -- United States Government policy Politische Kommunikation Public administration Transparency Transparency in government Transparency in government -- United States U.S.A United States USA |
| Subtitle | The Perils and Promise of Transparency |
| TableOfContents | The Road Ahead -- Appendix: Eighteen Major Cases -- Targeted Transparency in the United States -- Reducing Risks to the Public -- Disclosing Corporate Finances to Reduce Risks to Investors -- Disclosing Chemical Hazards to Reduce Workplace Health and Safety Risks -- Disclosing Toxic Releases to Reduce Pollution -- Disclosing Nutritional Information to Reduce Disease -- Disclosing Medical Mistakes to Reduce Deaths and Injuries -- Disclosing Sex Offenders' Residences to Improve Public Safety -- Disclosing Contaminants to Improve DrinkingWater Safety -- Disclosing Restaurant Hygiene to Protect Public Health -- Disclosing Rollover Propensities to Improve Auto Safety -- Disclosing Terrorism Threats to Improve Public Safety -- Improving the Quality and Fairness of Critical Services and Processes -- Disclosing Union Finances to Minimize Corruption -- Disclosing Campaign Contributions to Reduce Corruption -- Disclosing Lending Practices to Reduce Discrimination -- Disclosing Plant Closings and Layoffs to Reduce Community Disruptions -- Disclosing School Performance to Improve Public Education -- Targeted Transparency in the International Context -- Harmonizing Disclosure of Corporate Finances to Reduce Risks to Investors -- Disclosing International Infectious Disease Outbreaks to Protect Public Health -- Labeling Genetically Modified Foods to Protect Health and the Environment -- Notes -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Governance by Transparency -- Chapter 2. An Unlikely Policy Innovation -- Chapter 3. Designing Transparency Policies -- Chapter 4.What Makes Transparency Work? -- Chapter 5.What Makes Transparency Sustainable? -- Chapter 6. International Transparency -- Chapter 7. Toward Collaborative Transparency -- Chapter 8. Targeted Transparency in the Information Age -- Appendix. Eighteen Major Cases -- Bibliography -- Index Cover -- Full Disclosure -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Figures and Tables -- Preface -- 1 Governance by Transparency -- The New Power of Information -- Transparency Informs Choice -- Transparency as Missed Opportunity -- A Real-Time Experiment -- Transparency Success and Failure -- How the Book is Organized -- 2 An Unlikely Policy Innovation -- An Unplanned Invention -- The Struggle Toward Openness -- A Slow March Toward Right-to-Know -- Targeted Transparency Emerges -- Why Disclosure? -- Imperfections of Real-World Information -- Difficulties of Comprehension -- 3 Designing Transparency Policies -- Improving On-the-Job Safety: One Goal, Many Methods -- Disclosure to Create Incentives for Change -- What Targeted Transparency Policies have in Common -- Policy Purpose -- Specified Targets -- Defined Scope -- Structure and Vehicles for Information -- Enforcement -- Standards, Market Incentives, or Targeted Transparency? -- 4 What Makes Transparency Work? -- A Complex Chain Reaction -- New Information Embedded in User Decisions -- Value -- Compatibility -- Comprehension -- New Information Embedded in Discloser Decisions -- Response Value -- Response Compatibility -- Response Comprehensibility -- Obstacles: Preferences, Biases, and Games -- Goal Conflict -- Misinterpretation -- How Do Transparency Policies Measure Up? -- Highly Effective Systems -- Corporate Financial Disclosure -- Restaurant Hygiene Disclosure -- Mortgage Lending Disclosure -- Moderately Effective Systems -- Nutritional Labeling -- Toxic Releases Disclosure -- Workplace Hazards Disclosure -- Ineffective Systems -- Patient Safety Disclosure -- Plant Closing,Mass Layoff Disclosure -- Crafting Effective Transparency Policies -- 5 What Makes Transparency Sustainable? -- Crisis Drives Financial Disclosure Improvements -- Sustainable Policies The Politics of Disclosure -- Humble Beginnings: Prospects for Sustainable Transparency -- Two Illustrations -- Shifting Conditions Drive Changes in Sustainability -- Changing Costs and Benefits for Disclosers -- Changing Costs and Benefits for Users -- The Importance of Intermediaries -- 6 International Transparency -- How do International Transparency Policies Work? -- Why Now? -- From Private Committee to Public Mandate: International Corporate Financial Reporting -- A Growing Information Problem Creates Costly Confusion -- Regulators Compete to Control International Transparency -- Multinational Companies Embrace Transparency -- Influential Groups Represent Users' Interests -- Crises AddMomentum for Rigorous Reporting -- Countervailing Pressures Reduce Harmonization -- Legitimacy Issues Undermine Transparency Efforts -- Are International Accounting Standards Effective? -- Improving a Moribund System: International Disease Reporting -- The Limits of International Transparency: Labeling Genetically Modified Foods -- 7 Toward Collaborative Transparency -- Innovation at the Edge -- Technology Expands Capacities of Users, Disclosers, and Government -- Information Users Develop New Skills and Habits -- Businesses Gain New Challengers and Choices -- Governments Adopt Information Technologies -- Four Emerging Policies -- User-Centered Transparency to Improve Environmental Disclosure -- Online Polling and Hospital Ranking to Improve Medical Care -- Collaborative Transparency to Improve Auto Safety -- Collaborative Transparency to Improve School Performance -- Challenges to Collaborative Transparency -- New Roles for Users, Disclosers, and Government -- Looking Ahead: Complementary Generations of Transparency -- 8 Targeted Transparency in the Information Age -- Two Possible Futures -- When Transparency Won't Work -- Crafting Effective Policies |
| Title | Full Disclosure |
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