Mapping Spatial Variability of Soil Salinity in a Coastal Paddy Field Based on Electromagnetic Sensors

In coastal China, there is an urgent need to increase land area for agricultural production and urban development, where there is a rapid growing population. One solution is land reclamation from coastal tidelands, but soil salinization is problematic. As such, it is very important to characterize a...

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Vydané v:	PloS one Ročník 10; číslo 5; s. e0127996
Hlavní autori:	Guo, Yan, Huang, Jingyi, Shi, Zhou, Li, Hongyi
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	United States Public Library of Science 28.05.2015 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Predmet:	Agricultural development Agricultural land Agricultural management Agricultural production Agricultural technology Agriculture Algorithms Coasts Crop Production Economic development Electromagnetic interference Electromagnetic waves Environmental monitoring Environmental Monitoring - instrumentation Environmental Monitoring - methods Farmers Farmlands Geophysics Geostatistics Information technology Inversions Laboratories Land Land management Land reclamation Leaching Magnetic shielding Mapping Monitoring instruments Oryza Precipitation Remote sensing Researchers Rice farming Salinity Salinity effects Salinization Salts Soil - chemistry Soil management Soil mapping Soil profiles Soil properties Soil salinity Soil sciences Soils Spatial data Spatial distribution Spatial variability Studies Temporal variability Time Urban agriculture Urban development Variability China
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Popis
Shrnutí:	In coastal China, there is an urgent need to increase land area for agricultural production and urban development, where there is a rapid growing population. One solution is land reclamation from coastal tidelands, but soil salinization is problematic. As such, it is very important to characterize and map the within-field variability of soil salinity in space and time. Conventional methods are often time-consuming, expensive, labor-intensive, and unpractical. Fortunately, proximal sensing has become an important technology in characterizing within-field spatial variability. In this study, we employed the EM38 to study spatial variability of soil salinity in a coastal paddy field. Significant correlation relationship between ECa and EC1:5 (i.e. r >0.9) allowed us to use EM38 data to characterize the spatial variability of soil salinity. Geostatistical methods were used to determine the horizontal spatio-temporal variability of soil salinity over three consecutive years. The study found that the distribution of salinity was heterogeneous and the leaching of salts was more significant in the edges of the study field. By inverting the EM38 data using a Quasi-3D inversion algorithm, the vertical spatio-temporal variability of soil salinity was determined and the leaching of salts over time was easily identified. The methodology of this study can be used as guidance for researchers interested in understanding soil salinity development as well as land managers aiming for effective soil salinity monitoring and management practices. In order to better characterize the variations in soil salinity to a deeper soil profile, the deeper mode of EM38 (i.e., EM38v) as well as other EMI instruments (e.g. DUALEM-421) can be incorporated to conduct Quasi-3D inversions for deeper soil profiles.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Conceived and designed the experiments: YG ZS. Performed the experiments: YG ZS. Analyzed the data: YG JYH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HYL. Wrote the paper: YG JYH.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0127996