Ions in solution and their solvation
The book starts with an exposition of the relevant properties of ions and continues with a description of their solvation in the gas phase. The book contains a large amount of factual information in the form of extensive tables of critically examined data and illustrations of the points made through...
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| Format: | eBook Book |
| Language: | English |
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Hoboken, N.J
Wiley
2015
John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated Wiley-Blackwell |
| Edition: | 1 |
| Subjects: | |
| ISBN: | 1118889142, 9781118889145, 9781118892275, 1118892275 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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Table of Contents:
- Chapter 8 Applications of Solutions of Ions -- 8.1 APPLICATIONS IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY -- 8.1.1 Batteries and Supercapacitors -- 8.1.2 Solvent-Independent pH and Electrode Potential Scales -- 8.2 APPLICATIONS IN HYDROMETALLURGY -- 8.3 APPLICATIONS IN SEPARATION CHEMISTRY -- 8.3.1 Solvent Extraction of Alkali Metal Cations -- 8.3.2 Solvation of Ionizable Drug Molecules -- 8.4 APPLICATIONS TO CHEMICAL REACTION RATES -- 8.5 SOLVATED IONS IN BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY -- 8.5.1 The Hofmeister Series -- 8.5.1.1 The Anion Hofmeister Series -- 8.5.1.2 The Cation Hofmeister Series -- 8.5.1.3 Interpretation of the Hofmeister Series -- 8.5.2 Water Structure Effects of Ions -- 8.5.3 Some Aspects of Protein Hydration -- REFERENCES -- Author Index -- Subject Index -- EULA
- Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 THE SIGNIFICANCE AND PHENOMENOLOGY OF IONS IN SOLUTION -- 1.2 LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS -- PRINCIPAL LATIN CHARACTERS -- PRINCIPAL GREEK CHARACTERS -- PRINCIPAL SUBSCRIPTS -- PRINCIPAL SUPERSCRIPTS -- Chapter 2 Ions and Their Properties -- 2.1 IONS AS ISOLATED PARTICLES -- 2.1.1 Bare Ions -- 2.1.2 Ions in Clusters -- 2.2 SIZES OF IONS -- 2.3 IONS IN SOLUTION -- 2.3.1 Thermodynamics of Ions in Aqueous Solutions -- 2.3.1.1 Heat Capacities of Aqueous Ions -- 2.3.1.2 Entropies of Aqueous Ions -- 2.3.1.3 Enthalpies of Formation of Aqueous Ions -- 2.3.1.4 Gibbs Energies of Formation of Aqueous Ions -- 2.3.1.5 Ionic Molar Volumes in Aqueous Solutions -- 2.3.2 Other Properties of Aqueous Ions -- 2.3.2.1 Ionic Conductivities in Aqueous Solutions -- 2.3.2.2 Ionic Self-Diffusion in Aqueous Solutions -- 2.3.2.3 Ionic Effects on the Viscosity -- 2.3.2.4 Ionic Effects on the Relaxation of NMR Signals -- 2.3.2.5 Ionic Dielectric Decrements -- 2.3.2.6 Ionic Effects on the Surface Tension -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 Solvents for Ions -- 3.1 SOLVENT PROPERTIES THAT SUIT ION DISSOLUTION -- 3.2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLVENTS -- 3.2.1 Volumetric Properties -- 3.2.2 Thermodynamic Properties -- 3.2.3 Electrical, Optical, and Magnetic Properties -- 3.2.4 Transport Properties -- 3.3 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLVENTS -- 3.3.1 Structuredness -- 3.3.2 Solvent Properties Related to Their Ion Solvating Ability -- 3.3.2.1 Polarity -- 3.3.2.2 Electron Pair Donicity and Ability to Accept a Hydrogen Bond -- 3.3.2.3 Hydrogen Bond Donicity and Electron Pair Acceptance -- 3.3.2.4 Softness -- 3.3.3 Solvents as Acids and Bases -- 3.3.4 Miscibility with and Solubility in Water -- 3.3.5 Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Windows -- 3.4 PROPERTIES OF BINARY AQUEOUS COSOLVENT MIXTURES
- 5.1.1.6 X-Ray Absorption and Scattering -- 5.1.1.7 Structural Entropy -- 5.1.1.8 Transfer from Light to Heavy Water -- 5.1.1.9 Internal Pressure -- 5.1.1.10 Some Other Experimental Results -- 5.1.2 Computer Simulations of Ion Effects on the Structure of Solvents -- 5.2 ION EFFECTS ON THE DYNAMICS OF THE SOLVENT -- 5.2.1 Mean Residence Times of Solvent Molecules Near Ions -- 5.2.2 Experimental Studies of Ion Effects on the Solvent Orientation Dynamics -- 5.2.2.1 Ultrafast Infrared Spectroscopy -- 5.2.2.2 High-frequency Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy -- 5.2.2.3 NMR Relaxation Times -- 5.2.3 Computer Simulations of Reorientation Times -- 5.3 SOLVENT EFFECTS ON THE PROPERTIES OF IONS IN SOLUTION -- 5.3.1 Bulk Properties -- 5.3.2 Molecular Properties -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 Ions in Mixed Solvents -- 6.1 ION TRANSFER INTO SOLVENT MIXTURES -- 6.2 PROPERTIES OF IONS IN SOLVENT MIXTURES -- 6.2.1 Thermodynamic Properties of Ions in Mixed Solvents -- 6.2.2 Transport Properties of Ions in Mixed Solvents -- 6.3 PREFERENTIAL SOLVATION OF IONS -- 6.3.1 Spectroscopic Studies -- 6.3.2 Results from Thermodynamic Data -- 6.3.2.1 The QLQC Method -- 6.3.2.2 The IKBI Method -- 6.3.2.3 Treatments Based on Stepwise Solvent Replacements -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 Interactions of Ions with Other Solutes -- 7.1 ION-ION INTERACTIONS -- 7.1.1 Activity Coefficients of Electrolyte Solutions -- 7.1.2 Ion Hydration Related to Ion-Ion Interactions -- 7.2 ION ASSOCIATION -- 7.2.1 Electrostatic Theory of Ion Association -- 7.2.1.1 Activity Coefficients of Neutral Ion Pairs -- 7.2.2 Methods for Studying Ion Association -- 7.2.3 Thermodynamic Quantities Pertaining to Ion Association -- 7.2.4 Aggregation of Ions in Solutions -- 7.3 SALTING-IN AND SALTING-OUT -- 7.3.1 Empirical Setschenow Constant Data -- 7.3.2 Interpretation of Salting Phenomena -- REFERENCES
- 3.4.1 Physical Properties of Binary Aqueous Mixtures with Cosolvents -- 3.4.1.1 Thermodynamic Properties of the Mixtures -- 3.4.1.2 Some Electrical, Optical, and Transport Properties of the Mixtures -- 3.4.2 Chemical Properties of Binary Aqueous Mixtures with Cosolvents -- 3.4.2.1 Structuredness -- 3.4.2.2 Properties Related to the Ion Solvating Ability -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 Ion Solvation in Neat Solvents -- 4.1 THE SOLVATION PROCESS -- 4.2 THERMODYNAMICS OF ION HYDRATION -- 4.2.1 Gibbs Energies of Ion Hydration -- 4.2.1.1 Accommodation of the Ion in a Cavity -- 4.2.1.2 Electrostatic Interactions -- 4.2.2 Entropies of Ion Hydration -- 4.2.3 Enthalpies of Ion Hydration -- 4.3 TRANSFER THERMODYNAMICS INTO NONAQUEOUS SOLVENTS -- 4.3.1 Selection of an Extra-Thermodynamic Assumption -- 4.3.2 Thermodynamics of Transfer of Ions into Nonaqueous Solvents -- 4.3.2.1 Gibbs Energies of Transfer -- 4.3.2.2 Enthalpies of Transfer -- 4.3.2.3 Entropies of Transfer -- 4.3.2.4 Ionic Heat Capacities in Nonaqueous Solvents -- 4.3.2.5 Ionic Volumes in Nonaqueous Solvents -- 4.4 THE STRUCTURE OF SOLVATED IONS -- 4.4.1 Hydration Numbers from Diffraction Studies -- 4.4.2 Hydration Numbers from Computer Simulations -- 4.4.3 Hydration Numbers from Bulk Properties -- 4.4.4 Solvation Numbers in Nonaqueous Solvents -- 4.5 THE DYNAMICS OF SOLVATED IONS -- 4.5.1 The Mobility of Ions in Solution -- 4.5.2 Rate of Solvent Exchange Near Ions -- 4.6 ACID/BASE PROPERTIES OF IONS IN SOLUTION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 Mutual Effects of Ions and Solvents -- 5.1 ION EFFECTS ON THE STRUCTURE OF SOLVENTS -- 5.1.1 Experimental Studies of Ion Effects on the Structure of Solvents -- 5.1.1.1 Self-diffusion of Water Molecules -- 5.1.1.2 Viscosity B-coefficients -- 5.1.1.3 NMR Signal Relaxation -- 5.1.1.4 Dielectric Relaxation -- 5.1.1.5 Vibrational Spectroscopy