Mitigation
Presents an integrated pragmatic approach to communication, which aims at integrating pragmatic views with insights from different research fields into an extended framework where psychological aspects of communication in context also can be taken into account.
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| Hlavní autor: | |
|---|---|
| Médium: | E-kniha Kniha |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Vydáno: |
Bingley
Emerald
2005
BRILL Elsevier |
| Vydání: | 1 |
| Edice: | Studies in pragmatics |
| Témata: | |
| ISBN: | 0080443346, 9780080443348 |
| On-line přístup: | Získat plný text |
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- Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Foreword -- Presentation of the corpus -- Structure of the book -- Transcription conventions -- List of abbreviations -- List of metalinguistic abbreviations -- Glossary -- Chapter 1 Pragmatics: subject and subjectivity -- 1.0. Foreword -- 1.1. Towards a psychostylistics of interaction -- 1.2. A 'loaded' discipline -- 1.3. The subjectivity of language -- 1.3.1. The instance d'énonciation (Benveniste, 1966) -- 1.3.2. The deictic origin (Bühler, 1934) -- 1.3.3. The egocentric child (Piaget, 1989 [1926]) -- 1.4. A complex subjectivity -- 1.5. Stylistic markers -- 1.6. Semiotic markers -- 1.7. The function of identity maintance and 'speech markers' (Giles et al., 1979) -- 1.8. Contextualizations cues (Gumperz, 1982a) -- 1.9. Mitigation: first definitions -- 1.10. Bridging the gap between linguistic pragmatics and self-psychology -- Chapter 2 Mitigation: the background -- 2.0. Introduction -- 2.0.1. Structure of the chapter -- 2.0.2. Scopes of mitigating devices -- 2.1. Ideas of mitigation -- 2.1.1. Mitigation in different research areas: the empirical turn -- 2.1.2. Hedges in Brown and Levinson (1987) -- 2.1.3. Mitigation as vagueness: hedges -- 2.1.3.1. Lakoff (1972) -- 2.1.3.2. Bourdieu (1982) -- 2.1.4. Mitigation as indirectedness (Fraser, 1975 -- Leech, 1983 -- Holmes, 1984) -- 2.1.4.1. Fraser (1975) -- 2.1.4.2. Leech (1983) -- 2.1.4.3. Holmes (1984) -- 2.1.5. Mitigation as de-focalization of deictic origin -- 2.1.6. Mitigation as removal of unwelcome perlocutionary effects (Fraser, 1980) -- 2.1.7. Prince, Frader, and Bosk (1982) -- 2.1.8. The notion of weakening (Abschwächung) -- 2.1.8.1. Meyer-Hermann and Weingarten (1982) -- 2.1.8.2. Langner(1994) -- 2.2. Intensity -- 2.2.1. Intensity according to Bally (1970 [1909])
- 6.7.4. Mitigation as side-effect of the reinforcement of the sincerity rule -- 6.8. Conclusions: toward a pragmatic typology of mitigators -- Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Appendices -- Appendix A: TR1, dialogue at a primary care physician's (Ch. 5) -- Appendix B: Examples from Chapter 6 -- A) 'Lenitive' mitigation (directive acts) -- B) 'Tempering' mitigation (assertive-verdictive acts) -- C) Other types of mitigation (other acts) -- Name Index -- Subject Index
- 2.2.2. Intensity according to Strawson (1964) -- 2.3. Towards an extended notion of mitigation -- 2.3.1. Some conceptual distinctions -- 2.3.2. The multidisciplinary relevance of mitigation -- 2.4. Conclusions -- Chapter 3 Pragmatics of mitigation: bushes, hedges and shields -- 3.0. Introduction -- 3.1. Mitigation as a bridging category -- 3.2. Types of mitigating devices (Habermas, 1987 [1981]) -- 3.3. The functioning of mitigation -- 3.3.1. Bushes -- 3.3.2. Hedges -- 3.3.3. Combination of bushes and hedges -- 3.3.4. Shields -- 3.4. Other strategies of mitigation: quotational shields and topical shields -- 3.5. Conclusions -- Chapter 4 Mitigation and emotive communication: steps toward a psychostylistic approach -- 4.0. Introduction -- 4.1. Style as a psycholinguistic issue: the role of emotion -- 4.1.1. Mitigation as an empathic strategy: attunement (Stern, 1985) -- 4.1.2. The other edge of the sword: mitigation as an anti-empathic strategy -- 4.2. On the conceptualization of emotion in linguistic theories -- 4.3. A folk psychological category: involvement -- 4.4. An approach to emotive communication (Caffi and Janney, 1994b) -- 4.4.1. Emotive communication and emotional communication -- 4.4.2. The notion of emotive contrast -- 4.4.3. Types of emotive devices -- 4.4.4. Emotive closeness and distance: empathic deixis -- 4.5. Immediacy (Wiener and Mehrabian, 1968) -- 4.6. Equivocation (Beavin Bavelas, 1985 -- Beavin Bavelas et al., 1990) -- 4.7. Disqualification -- 4.7.1. Haley (1959) -- 4.7.2. Mitigation and diqualification -- 4.8. Transactional disqualification (Sluzki et al., 1967) -- 4.8.1. Types of transactional disqualification -- 4.8.2. Reactive moves to transactional disqualification -- 4.9. The Freudian concept of 'undoing' (Ungeschehenmachen) -- 4.10. Conclusions -- Chapter 5 Doctor-patient dialogue: a case-study -- 5.0. Introduction
- 5.1. Analysis of a dialogue at a primary care physician's -- 5.2. The broader summary of the encounter: the fabula -- 5.2.1. The phases of the encounter -- 5.2.2. The recurrent trend of the phases -- 5.3. Between fabula and plot: salient moments of the encounter -- 5.4. Muldimensional microanalysis of TR1: the plot -- 5.5. The argumentative layer -- 5.6. The illocutionary layer: overall illocutionary description of the phases -- 5.7. Mitigation and institutional politeness in TR1 -- 5.8. Micro-sequences of (non)-attunement -- 5.8.1. Topical and stylistic non-attunement -- 5.8.2. Micro-sequences of stylistic attunement -- 5.9. Distribution of mitigators -- 5.10. Mitigation and monitoring of emotive distances -- 5.11. Co-variance among parameters -- 5.12. Conclusions -- Chapter 6 Grammar of mitigation in doctor-patient dialogue -- 6.0. Introduction -- 6.1. Preliminary questions -- 6.2. Mitigation and institutional politeness -- 6.3. Types of mitigation -- 6.4. Between natural and non-natural mitigation: a transitional case -- 6.5. Non-natural mitigation -- 6.5.1. Lenitive mitigation -- 6.5.2. Tempering mitigation -- 6.6. Linguistic means of lenitive and tempering mitigation -- 6.6.1. Linguistic means of lenitive mitigation -- 6.6.1.1. Lenitive mitigation and deference -- 6.6.1.2. Summary of linguistic means of lenitive mitigation -- 6.6.1.3. Strategies of lenitive mitigation -- 6.6.2. Linguistic means of tempering mitigation -- 6.6.2.1. Prepositional phrases in tempering mitigation -- 6.6.2.2. Summary of linguistic means of tempering mitigation -- 6.7. Mitigation and felicity conditions (constitutive rules) -- 6.7.1. Attenuation of compliance with essential rules -- 6.7.2. Attenuation of compliance with preparatory rules -- 6.7.3. Attenuation of compliance with the propositional content rule