Accruing evidence on benefits of adherence to the Mediterranean diet on health: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

The Mediterranean diet has long been reported to be protective against the occurrence of several different health outcomes. We aimed to update our previous meta-analysis of published cohort prospective studies that investigated the effects of adherence to the Mediterranean diet on health status. We...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The American journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 92; no. 5; p. 1189
Main Authors: Sofi, Francesco, Abbate, Rosanna, Gensini, Gian Franco, Casini, Alessandro
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 01.11.2010
Subjects:
Cardiovascular Diseases - mortality
Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control
Chronic Disease - prevention & control
Cognition Disorders - mortality
Cognition Disorders - prevention & control
Diet, Mediterranean
Health
Humans
Neoplasms - mortality
Neoplasms - prevention & control
Neurodegenerative Diseases - mortality
Neurodegenerative Diseases - prevention & control
Prospective Studies
Stroke - mortality
Stroke - prevention & control
ISSN:1938-3207, 1938-3207
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:The Mediterranean diet has long been reported to be protective against the occurrence of several different health outcomes. We aimed to update our previous meta-analysis of published cohort prospective studies that investigated the effects of adherence to the Mediterranean diet on health status. We conducted a comprehensive literature search through electronic databases up to June 2010. The updated review process showed 7 prospective studies published in the past 2 y that were not included in the previous meta-analysis (1 study for overall mortality, 3 studies for cardiovascular incidence or mortality, 1 study for cancer incidence or mortality, and 2 studies for neurodegenerative diseases). These recent studies included 2 health outcomes not previously investigated (ie, mild cognitive impairment and stroke). The meta-analysis for all studies with a random-effects model that was conducted after the inclusion of these recent studies showed that a 2-point increase in adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a significant reduction of overall mortality [relative risk (RR) = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.94], cardiovascular incidence or mortality (RR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.87, 0.93), cancer incidence or mortality (RR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.92, 0.96), and neurodegenerative diseases (RR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.94). The meta-regression analysis showed that sample size was the most significant contributor to the model because it significantly influenced the estimate of the association for overall mortality. This updated meta-analysis confirms, in a larger number of subjects and studies, the significant and consistent protection provided by adherence to the Mediterranean diet in relation to the occurrence of major chronic degenerative diseases.
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ISSN:1938-3207
1938-3207
DOI:10.3945/ajcn.2010.29673