Bed load transport in managed steep-gradient headwater streams of southeastern Alaska

Bed load transport was investigated in four headwater streams in southeastern Alaska subjected to different management and disturbance regimes. Bed load yield was positively correlated to peak discharge during the fall 1999 monitoring period. Fine bed load materials (1–11 mm) that were supplied from...

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Vydáno v:Water resources research Ročník 39; číslo 12
Hlavní autoři: Gomi, Takashi, Sidle, Roy C.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.12.2003
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ISSN:0043-1397, 1944-7973
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Abstract Bed load transport was investigated in four headwater streams in southeastern Alaska subjected to different management and disturbance regimes. Bed load yield was positively correlated to peak discharge during the fall 1999 monitoring period. Fine bed load materials (1–11 mm) that were supplied from hillslope sources were equally mobilized during most storm events. Medium‐sized bed materials (11–200 m) were only partially mobilized even during large storms, whereas large particles (>200 mm) were immobile and often formed interlocking channel structures. The transport distances of medium‐size materials depended on amount of channel obstructions (e.g., woody debris) and sediment supply conditions; both of these factors were influenced by the occurrence of mass movement, timber harvesting, and the related recovery processes. The highest total bed load yield was observed in a channel affected by a debris flow in 1993. Total sediment yields are similar among channels with old‐growth, clear cut (logged 4 years before monitoring), and young alder (affected by landslides and debris flows in 1961) riparian stands. By comparing the old‐growth and young alder channels, it appears that bed load yield recovers from debris flow disturbances in about 40 years; however, recovery of channel conditions (e.g., reach types and woody debris) may take much longer. Effects of timber harvesting on bed load transport are controlled by sediment linkages between hillslopes and channels related to the occurrence of mass movement.
AbstractList Bed load transport was investigated in four headwater streams in southeastern Alaska subjected to different management and disturbance regimes. Bed load yield was positively correlated to peak discharge during the fall 1999 monitoring period. Fine bed load materials (1-11 mm) that were supplied from hillslope sources were equally mobilized during most storm events. Medium-sized bed materials (11-200 m) were only partially mobilized even during large storms, whereas large particles (>200 mm) were immobile and often formed interlocking channel structures. The transport distances of medium-size materials depended on amount of channel obstructions (e.g. woody debris) and sediment supply conditions; both of these factors were influenced by the occurrence of mass movement, timber harvesting, and the related recovery processes. The highest total bed load yield was observed in a channel affected by a debris flow in 1993. Total sediment yields are similar among channels with old-growth, clear cut (logged 4 years before monitoring), and young alder (affected by landslides and debris flows in 1961) riparian stands. By comparing the old-growth and young alder channels, it appears that bed load yield recovers from debris flow disturbances in about 40 years; however, recovery of channel conditions (e.g. reach types and woody debris) may take much longer. Effects of timber harvesting on bed load transport are controlled by sediment linkages between hillslopes and channels related to the occurrence of mass movement.
Author Gomi, Takashi
Sidle, Roy C.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Takashi
  surname: Gomi
  fullname: Gomi, Takashi
  email: gomi@interchange.ubc.ca
  organization: Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Roy C.
  surname: Sidle
  fullname: Sidle, Roy C.
  organization: Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
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References_xml – reference: Montgomery, D. R., and J. M. Buffington, Channel reach morphology in mountain drainage basins, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 109, 596-611, 1997.
– reference: Nanson, G. C., Bedload and suspended-load transport in a small, steep, mountain stream, Am. J. Sci., 274, 471-486, 1974.
– reference: Reid, I., L. E. Frostick, and J. T. Layman, The incident and nature of bedload transport during flood flows in coarse-grained alluvial channels, Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 10, 33-44, 1985.
– reference: Rice, S. P., M. T. Greenwood, and C. B. Joyce, Tributaries, sediment sources, and longitudinal organization of macroinvertebrate fauna along river systems, Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sci., 58, 824-840, 2001.
– reference: Lisle, T. E., and S. Hilton, The volume of fine sediment in pools: An index of sediment supply in gravel-bed streams, Water Resour. Bull., 28, 371-383, 1992.
– reference: Buffington, J. M., and D. R. Montgomery, Effects of sediment supply on surface textures of gravel-bed rivers, Water Resour. Res., 35, 3523-3530, 1999.
– reference: Zimmerman, A., and M. Church, Channel morphology, gradient profiles and bed stresses during flood in a step-pool channel, Geomorphology, 40, 311-327, 2001.
– reference: Church, M., Geomorphic threshold in riverine landscapes, Freshwater Biol., 47, 541-558, 2002.
– reference: Haschenburger, J. K., and P. R. Wilcock, Partial transport in a natural gravel bed channel, Water Resour. Res., 39, 1020-1029, 2003.
– reference: Church, M., and M. A. Hassan, Size and distance of travel of unconstrained clasts on a streambed, Water Resour. Res., 28, 299-303, 1992.
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Snippet Bed load transport was investigated in four headwater streams in southeastern Alaska subjected to different management and disturbance regimes. Bed load yield...
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SubjectTerms bed load transport
Freshwater
headwater channel
hydrogeomorphic linkages
logging
managed forest
sediment sources
USA, Alaska
Title Bed load transport in managed steep-gradient headwater streams of southeastern Alaska
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