Mechanism and activity of ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts: the role of ligands and substrates from a theoretical perspective
The reaction mechanism of olefin metathesis by ruthenium carbene catalysts is studied by gradient-corrected density functional calculations (BP86). Alternative reaction mechanisms for the reaction of the "first-generation" Grubbs-type catalyst (PCy(3))(2)Cl(2)Ru=CH(2) (1) for the reaction...
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| Vydané v: | Journal of the American Chemical Society Ročník 126; číslo 11; s. 3496 |
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| Hlavní autori: | , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
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United States
24.03.2004
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| ISSN: | 0002-7863 |
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| Abstract | The reaction mechanism of olefin metathesis by ruthenium carbene catalysts is studied by gradient-corrected density functional calculations (BP86). Alternative reaction mechanisms for the reaction of the "first-generation" Grubbs-type catalyst (PCy(3))(2)Cl(2)Ru=CH(2) (1) for the reaction with ethylene are studied. The most likely dissociative mechanism with trans olefin coordination is investigated for the metathesis reaction between the "first-" and the "second-generation" Grubbs-type catalysts 1 and (H(2)IMes)(PCy(3))Cl(2)Ru=CH(2) (2) with different substrates, ethylene, ethyl vinyl ether, and norbornene, and a profound influence of the substrate is found. In contrast to the degenerate reaction with ethylene, the reactions with ethyl vinyl ether and norbornene are strongly exergonic by 8-15 kcal/mol, and this excess energy is released after passing through the metallacyclobutane structure. While the metallacyclobutane is in a deep potential minimum for degenerate metathesis reactions, the energy barrier for the [2+2] cycloreversion vanishes for the most exergonic reactions. On the free energy surface under typical experimental conditions, the rate-limiting steps for the overall reactions are then either metallacyclobutane formation for 1 or phosphane ligand dissociation for 2. |
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| AbstractList | The reaction mechanism of olefin metathesis by ruthenium carbene catalysts is studied by gradient-corrected density functional calculations (BP86). Alternative reaction mechanisms for the reaction of the "first-generation" Grubbs-type catalyst (PCy(3))(2)Cl(2)Ru=CH(2) (1) for the reaction with ethylene are studied. The most likely dissociative mechanism with trans olefin coordination is investigated for the metathesis reaction between the "first-" and the "second-generation" Grubbs-type catalysts 1 and (H(2)IMes)(PCy(3))Cl(2)Ru=CH(2) (2) with different substrates, ethylene, ethyl vinyl ether, and norbornene, and a profound influence of the substrate is found. In contrast to the degenerate reaction with ethylene, the reactions with ethyl vinyl ether and norbornene are strongly exergonic by 8-15 kcal/mol, and this excess energy is released after passing through the metallacyclobutane structure. While the metallacyclobutane is in a deep potential minimum for degenerate metathesis reactions, the energy barrier for the [2+2] cycloreversion vanishes for the most exergonic reactions. On the free energy surface under typical experimental conditions, the rate-limiting steps for the overall reactions are then either metallacyclobutane formation for 1 or phosphane ligand dissociation for 2.The reaction mechanism of olefin metathesis by ruthenium carbene catalysts is studied by gradient-corrected density functional calculations (BP86). Alternative reaction mechanisms for the reaction of the "first-generation" Grubbs-type catalyst (PCy(3))(2)Cl(2)Ru=CH(2) (1) for the reaction with ethylene are studied. The most likely dissociative mechanism with trans olefin coordination is investigated for the metathesis reaction between the "first-" and the "second-generation" Grubbs-type catalysts 1 and (H(2)IMes)(PCy(3))Cl(2)Ru=CH(2) (2) with different substrates, ethylene, ethyl vinyl ether, and norbornene, and a profound influence of the substrate is found. In contrast to the degenerate reaction with ethylene, the reactions with ethyl vinyl ether and norbornene are strongly exergonic by 8-15 kcal/mol, and this excess energy is released after passing through the metallacyclobutane structure. While the metallacyclobutane is in a deep potential minimum for degenerate metathesis reactions, the energy barrier for the [2+2] cycloreversion vanishes for the most exergonic reactions. On the free energy surface under typical experimental conditions, the rate-limiting steps for the overall reactions are then either metallacyclobutane formation for 1 or phosphane ligand dissociation for 2. The reaction mechanism of olefin metathesis by ruthenium carbene catalysts is studied by gradient-corrected density functional calculations (BP86). Alternative reaction mechanisms for the reaction of the "first-generation" Grubbs-type catalyst (PCy(3))(2)Cl(2)Ru=CH(2) (1) for the reaction with ethylene are studied. The most likely dissociative mechanism with trans olefin coordination is investigated for the metathesis reaction between the "first-" and the "second-generation" Grubbs-type catalysts 1 and (H(2)IMes)(PCy(3))Cl(2)Ru=CH(2) (2) with different substrates, ethylene, ethyl vinyl ether, and norbornene, and a profound influence of the substrate is found. In contrast to the degenerate reaction with ethylene, the reactions with ethyl vinyl ether and norbornene are strongly exergonic by 8-15 kcal/mol, and this excess energy is released after passing through the metallacyclobutane structure. While the metallacyclobutane is in a deep potential minimum for degenerate metathesis reactions, the energy barrier for the [2+2] cycloreversion vanishes for the most exergonic reactions. On the free energy surface under typical experimental conditions, the rate-limiting steps for the overall reactions are then either metallacyclobutane formation for 1 or phosphane ligand dissociation for 2. |
| Author | Adlhart, Christian Chen, Peter |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Christian surname: Adlhart fullname: Adlhart, Christian email: chen@org.chem.ethz.ch organization: Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland. chen@org.chem.ethz.ch – sequence: 2 givenname: Peter surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Peter |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15025477$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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