Concentration–discharge relationships describe solute and sediment mobilization, reaction, and transport at event and longer timescales

Concentration–discharge (C‐Q) relationships reflect material sources, storage, reaction, proximity, and transport in catchments. Differences in hydrologic pathways and connectivity influence observed C‐Q patterns at the catchment outlet. We examined solute and sediment C‐Q relationships at event and...

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Vydané v:Hydrological processes Ročník 32; číslo 18; s. 2829 - 2844
Hlavní autori: Rose, Lucy A., Karwan, Diana L., Godsey, Sarah E.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Chichester Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 30.08.2018
Predmet:
Biogeochemistry
Calcium
Calcium nitrate
Catchments
concentration–discharge
C‐Q
Dilution
Discharge
Dissolved organic carbon
Groundwater
Hydrology
Hysteresis
Moisture content
nitrates
Organic carbon
Precipitation
Rivers
Sediment
Sediments
Sequencing
shear stress
Slopes
Soil
Soil water
Solid suspensions
Solutes
Spatial distribution
Storage
storm event
Storms
streams
surface water
Suspended particulate matter
Total suspended solids
Transport
United States
Watersheds
Mid-Atlantic states
United States
ISSN:0885-6087, 1099-1085
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Shrnutí:Concentration–discharge (C‐Q) relationships reflect material sources, storage, reaction, proximity, and transport in catchments. Differences in hydrologic pathways and connectivity influence observed C‐Q patterns at the catchment outlet. We examined solute and sediment C‐Q relationships at event and interannual timescales in a small mid‐Atlantic (USA) catchment. We found systematic differences in the C‐Q behaviour of geogenic/exogenous solutes (e.g., calcium and nitrate), biologically associated solutes (e.g., dissolved organic carbon), and particulate materials (e.g., total suspended solids). Negative log(C)–log(Q) regression slopes, indicating dilution, were common for geogenic solutes whereas positive slopes, indicating concentration increase, were common for biologically associated solutes. Biologically associated solutes often exhibited counterclockwise hysteresis during events whereas geogenic solutes exhibited clockwise hysteresis. Across event and interannual timescales, solute C‐Q patterns are linked to the spatial distribution of hydrologic sources and the timing and sequence of hydro‐biogeochemical source contributions to the stream. Groundwater is the primary source of stormflow during the earliest and latest stages of events, whereas precipitation and soil water become increasingly connected to the stream near peakflow. This sequence and timing of flowpath connectivity results in dilution and clockwise hysteresis for geogenic/exogenous solutes and concentration increase and counterclockwise hysteresis for biologically associated solutes. Particulate materials demonstrated positive C‐Q slopes over the long‐term and clockwise hysteresis during individual events. Drivers of particulate and solute C‐Q relationships differ, based on longitudinal and lateral expansion of active channels and changing shear stresses with increasing flows. Although important distinctions exist between the drivers of solute and sediment C‐Q relationships, overall solute and sediment C‐Q patterns at event and interannual timescales reflect consistent catchment hydro‐biogeochemical processes.
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ISSN:0885-6087
1099-1085
DOI:10.1002/hyp.13235