Roles of Eicosanoids in Regulating Inflammation and Neutrophil Migration as an Innate Host Response to Bacterial Infections

Eicosanoids are lipid-based signaling molecules that play a unique role in innate immune responses. The multiple types of eicosanoids, such as prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs), allow the innate immune cells to respond rapidly to bacterial invaders. Bacterial pathogens alter cyclooxygenase...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Infection and immunity Vol. 89; no. 8; p. e0009521
Main Authors: Sheppe, Austin E F, Edelmann, Mariola J
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 15.07.2021
Subjects:
Bacterial Infections - immunology
Bacterial Infections - metabolism
Bacterial Infections - microbiology
Biomarkers
Chemotaxis, Leukocyte - immunology
Dinoprostone - metabolism
Eicosanoids - metabolism
Eicosanoids - pharmacology
Host-Pathogen Interactions - immunology
Immunity, Innate
Inflammation Mediators
Lipid Metabolism
Neutrophils - immunology
Neutrophils - metabolism
Neutrophils - pathology
Type III Secretion Systems
prostaglandins
bacterial infection
inflammation
inflammasome
lipid metabolism
ISSN:1098-5522, 1098-5522
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Summary:Eicosanoids are lipid-based signaling molecules that play a unique role in innate immune responses. The multiple types of eicosanoids, such as prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs), allow the innate immune cells to respond rapidly to bacterial invaders. Bacterial pathogens alter cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived prostaglandins (PGs) in macrophages, such as PGE2 15d-PGJ , and lipoxygenase (LOX)-derived leukotriene LTB which has chemotactic functions. The PG synthesis and secretion are regulated by substrate availability of arachidonic acid and by the COX-2 enzyme, and the expression of this protein is regulated at multiple levels, both transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally. Bacterial pathogens use virulence strategies such as type three secretion systems (T3SSs) to deliver virulence factors altering the expression of eicosanoid-specific biosynthetic enzymes, thereby modulating the host response to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Recent advances have identified a novel role of eicosanoids in inflammasome activation during intracellular infection with bacterial pathogens. Specifically, PGE was found to enhance inflammasome activation, driving the formation of pore-induced intracellular traps (PITs), thus trapping bacteria from escaping the dying cell. Finally, eicosanoids and IL-1β released from macrophages are implicated in the efferocytosis of neighboring neutrophils. Neutrophils play an essential role in phagocytosing and degrading PITs and associated bacteria to restore homeostasis. This review focuses on the novel functions of host-derived eicosanoids in the host-pathogen interactions.
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ISSN:1098-5522
1098-5522
DOI:10.1128/IAI.00095-21