Visible Out-of-plane Polarized Luminescence and Electronic Resonance in Black Phosphorus

Black phosphorus (BP) is unique among layered materials because of its homonuclear lattice and strong structural anisotropy. While recent investigations on few-layer BP have extensively explored the in-plane (a, c) anisotropy, much less attention has been given to the out-of-plane direction (b). Her...

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Published in:	Nano letters Vol. 22; no. 7; pp. 2851 - 2858
Main Authors:	Schué, Léonard, Goudreault, Félix A, Righi, Ariete, Resende, Geovani C, Lefebvre, Valérie, Godbout, Émile, Tie, Monique, Ribeiro, Henrique B, Heinz, Tony F, Pimenta, Marcos A, Côté, Michel, Francœur, Sébastien, Martel, Richard
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States American Chemical Society 13.04.2022
Subjects:	Black phosphorus MATERIALS SCIENCE optical anisotropy out-of-plane polarization resonant Raman visible luminescence visible luminescence resonant Raman out-of-plane polarization optical anisotropy Black phosphorus
ISSN:	1530-6984, 1530-6992, 1530-6992
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Abstract	Black phosphorus (BP) is unique among layered materials because of its homonuclear lattice and strong structural anisotropy. While recent investigations on few-layer BP have extensively explored the in-plane (a, c) anisotropy, much less attention has been given to the out-of-plane direction (b). Here, the optical response from bulk BP is probed using polarization-resolved photoluminescence (PL), photoluminescence excitation (PLE), and resonant Raman scattering along the zigzag, out-of-plane, and armchair directions. An unexpected b-polarized luminescence emission is detected in the visible, far above the fundamental gap. PLE indicates that this emission is generated through b-polarized excitation at 2.3 eV. The same electronic resonance is observed in resonant Raman with the enhancement of the Ag phonon modes scattering efficiency. These experimental results are fully consistent with DFT calculations of the permittivity tensor elements and demonstrate the remarkable extent to which the anisotropy influences the optical properties and carrier dynamics in black phosphorus.
AbstractList	Black phosphorus (BP) is unique among layered materials because of its homonuclear lattice and strong structural anisotropy. While recent investigations on few-layer BP have extensively explored the in-plane ( , ) anisotropy, much less attention has been given to the out-of-plane direction ( ). Here, the optical response from bulk BP is probed using polarization-resolved photoluminescence (PL), photoluminescence excitation (PLE), and resonant Raman scattering along the zigzag, out-of-plane, and armchair directions. An unexpected -polarized luminescence emission is detected in the visible, far above the fundamental gap. PLE indicates that this emission is generated through -polarized excitation at 2.3 eV. The same electronic resonance is observed in resonant Raman with the enhancement of the A phonon modes scattering efficiency. These experimental results are fully consistent with DFT calculations of the permittivity tensor elements and demonstrate the remarkable extent to which the anisotropy influences the optical properties and carrier dynamics in black phosphorus. Black phosphorus (BP) is unique among layered materials because of its homonuclear lattice and strong structural anisotropy. While recent investigations on few-layer BP have extensively explored the in-plane (a, c) anisotropy, much less attention has been given to the out-of-plane direction (b). Here, the optical response from bulk BP is probed using polarization-resolved photoluminescence (PL), photoluminescence excitation (PLE), and resonant Raman scattering along the zigzag, out-of-plane, and armchair directions. An unexpected b-polarized luminescence emission is detected in the visible, far above the fundamental gap. PLE indicates that this emission is generated through b-polarized excitation at 2.3 eV. The same electronic resonance is observed in resonant Raman with the enhancement of the Ag phonon modes scattering efficiency. These experimental results are fully consistent with DFT calculations of the permittivity tensor elements and demonstrate the remarkable extent to which the anisotropy influences the optical properties and carrier dynamics in black phosphorus. Black phosphorus (BP) is unique among layered materials because of its homonuclear lattice and strong structural anisotropy. While recent investigations on few-layer BP have extensively explored the in-plane (a, c) anisotropy, much less attention has been given to the out-of-plane direction (b). Here, the optical response from bulk BP is probed using polarization-resolved photoluminescence (PL), photoluminescence excitation (PLE), and resonant Raman scattering along the zigzag, out-of-plane, and armchair directions. An unexpected b-polarized luminescence emission is detected in the visible, far above the fundamental gap. PLE indicates that this emission is generated through b-polarized excitation at 2.3 eV. The same electronic resonance is observed in resonant Raman with the enhancement of the Ag phonon modes scattering efficiency. These experimental results are fully consistent with DFT calculations of the permittivity tensor elements and demonstrate the remarkable extent to which the anisotropy influences the optical properties and carrier dynamics in black phosphorus.Black phosphorus (BP) is unique among layered materials because of its homonuclear lattice and strong structural anisotropy. While recent investigations on few-layer BP have extensively explored the in-plane (a, c) anisotropy, much less attention has been given to the out-of-plane direction (b). Here, the optical response from bulk BP is probed using polarization-resolved photoluminescence (PL), photoluminescence excitation (PLE), and resonant Raman scattering along the zigzag, out-of-plane, and armchair directions. An unexpected b-polarized luminescence emission is detected in the visible, far above the fundamental gap. PLE indicates that this emission is generated through b-polarized excitation at 2.3 eV. The same electronic resonance is observed in resonant Raman with the enhancement of the Ag phonon modes scattering efficiency. These experimental results are fully consistent with DFT calculations of the permittivity tensor elements and demonstrate the remarkable extent to which the anisotropy influences the optical properties and carrier dynamics in black phosphorus.
Author	Tie, Monique Ribeiro, Henrique B Schué, Léonard Côté, Michel Francœur, Sébastien Martel, Richard Lefebvre, Valérie Resende, Geovani C Goudreault, Félix A Heinz, Tony F Pimenta, Marcos A Righi, Ariete Godbout, Émile
AuthorAffiliation	Departamento de Fìsica Département de Génie Physique Department of Applied Physics Département de Chimie Département de Physique SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
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Keywords	visible luminescence resonant Raman out-of-plane polarization optical anisotropy Black phosphorus
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Title	Visible Out-of-plane Polarized Luminescence and Electronic Resonance in Black Phosphorus
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