Effects of garlic powder on growth, blood serum profile and caecal microbiota composition in meat-type ducks.
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| Title: | Effects of garlic powder on growth, blood serum profile and caecal microbiota composition in meat-type ducks. |
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| Authors: | Suprayogi, Wara Pratitis Sabar1 (AUTHOR), Ratriyanto, Adi2 (AUTHOR) ratriyanto@staff.uns.ac.id, Prastowo, Sigit2 (AUTHOR), Nuhriawangsa, Adi Magna Patriadi2 (AUTHOR), Ismoyowati3 (AUTHOR), Irawan, Agung4 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Italian Journal of Animal Science. Dec2025, Vol. 24 Issue 1, p1943-1958. 16p. |
| Document Type: | Article |
| Subjects: | Garlic, Gut microbiota, Body composition, Blood serum analysis, Ducks as food, Animal nutrition, Weight gain, Microbial diversity |
| Author-Supplied Keywords: | Duck feed additive gut health metagenomic phytobiotic |
| Abstract: | This study investigated the effects of dietary garlic powder supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcase traits and caecal microbiome of meat-type ducks. A total of 288 day-old-duck (initial body weight (BW) 41 ± 2.1 g) were randomly allocated into four groups of control diet (0% garlic powder; T0) and garlic powder supplemented diets at 0.8% (T1), 1.6% (T2) and 2.4% (T3). Each group had eight replicates (pens) with nine ducks in each pen. Quadratic response (p <.001) was found on performance parameters, whereas ducks fed T1 and T2 diets had higher (p <.01) feed intake, final BW and average daily gain compared to T0 and T3 (p <.01), but FCR was unaffected. Ducks on T1 and T2 also exhibited greater carcase yield and lower non-carcase weight (p <.001), showing a quadratic pattern (p <.001). Thymus, heart, bursa of Fabricius, and ventriculus were influenced (p <.01) by garlic levels, with T2 and T3 showing increased values. Garlic powder increased (p <.001) the HDL and decreased (p <.01) the LDL content. Caecal microbiota profiling via 16S rRNA sequencing showed significant microbial diversity and community composition shifts. Alpha diversity was highest in T1, and beta diversity analysis confirmed treatment-specific clustering (PERMANOVA R2 = 0.15, p <.01). Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis identified distinct microbial biomarkers for each group, correlating with performance and digestibility traits. Functional KEGG prediction analysis revealed amino acid and vitamin metabolism in response to garlic supplementation. Overall, 0.8–1.6% garlic improved duck performance by positively altering the composition of the caecal microbiome, while excessive inclusion (2.4%) diminished these benefits. Highlights: Garlic powder at 0.8–1.6% improved the final body weight and carcase yield of ducks. Garlic powder supplementation did not affect feed conversion ratio. Garlic powder increased serum HDL and decreased LDL levels. Richness and composition of caecal microbiota positively were positively altered. Garlic powder at 2.4% adversely impacted performance and caecal microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Author Affiliations: | 1Doctoral Program of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia 2Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia 3Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Science, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia 4Vocational Program of Animal Husbandry, Vocational School, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia |
| Full Text Word Count: | 9566 |
| ISSN: | 1594-4077 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/1828051X.2025.2556268 |
| Accession Number: | 192172406 |
| Database: | Veterinary Source |
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| Abstract: | This study investigated the effects of dietary garlic powder supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcase traits and caecal microbiome of meat-type ducks. A total of 288 day-old-duck (initial body weight (BW) 41 ± 2.1 g) were randomly allocated into four groups of control diet (0% garlic powder; T0) and garlic powder supplemented diets at 0.8% (T1), 1.6% (T2) and 2.4% (T3). Each group had eight replicates (pens) with nine ducks in each pen. Quadratic response (p <.001) was found on performance parameters, whereas ducks fed T1 and T2 diets had higher (p <.01) feed intake, final BW and average daily gain compared to T0 and T3 (p <.01), but FCR was unaffected. Ducks on T1 and T2 also exhibited greater carcase yield and lower non-carcase weight (p <.001), showing a quadratic pattern (p <.001). Thymus, heart, bursa of Fabricius, and ventriculus were influenced (p <.01) by garlic levels, with T2 and T3 showing increased values. Garlic powder increased (p <.001) the HDL and decreased (p <.01) the LDL content. Caecal microbiota profiling via 16S rRNA sequencing showed significant microbial diversity and community composition shifts. Alpha diversity was highest in T1, and beta diversity analysis confirmed treatment-specific clustering (PERMANOVA R2 = 0.15, p <.01). Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis identified distinct microbial biomarkers for each group, correlating with performance and digestibility traits. Functional KEGG prediction analysis revealed amino acid and vitamin metabolism in response to garlic supplementation. Overall, 0.8–1.6% garlic improved duck performance by positively altering the composition of the caecal microbiome, while excessive inclusion (2.4%) diminished these benefits. Highlights: Garlic powder at 0.8–1.6% improved the final body weight and carcase yield of ducks. Garlic powder supplementation did not affect feed conversion ratio. Garlic powder increased serum HDL and decreased LDL levels. Richness and composition of caecal microbiota positively were positively altered. Garlic powder at 2.4% adversely impacted performance and caecal microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 15944077 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/1828051X.2025.2556268 |