Application of leptospirosis surveillance study at primary health care center in Banyumas and Demak, Central Java, Indonesia.
Saved in:
| Title: | Application of leptospirosis surveillance study at primary health care center in Banyumas and Demak, Central Java, Indonesia. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Ristiyanto, Ristiyanto1 rist009@brin.go.id, Handayani, Farida Dwi2, Kartika, Wimbi3, Mulyono, Arief1, Widoretno, Widoretno4, Maha, Masri Sembiring4, Lienggonegoro, Lisa Andriani4, Pangaribuan, Helena Ullyartha4, Suryaningtyas, Nungki Hapsari4, Gasem, Muhammad Hussein5,6 |
| Source: | Open Veterinary Journal. 2025, Vol. 15 Issue 11, p5961-5970. 10p. |
| Document Type: | Article |
| Subjects: | Leptospirosis, Primary health care, Diagnosis, Public health surveillance, World Health Organization, Public health, Indonesians, Zoonoses, Epidemiology |
| Geographic Terms: | Jawa Tengah (Indonesia), Indonesia |
| Author-Supplied Keywords: | Case fatality rate Endemic area Neglected disease Public Health Center Surveillance leptospirosis |
| Abstract: | Background: Leptospirosis remains one of the most significant zoonotic diseases in tropical regions such as Indonesia. It is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates, with case fatality rates ranging from 5% to 15%, and frequent underreporting due to nonspecific clinical symptoms, which contributes to underdiagnosis in up to 40%-60% of suspected cases. Surveillance at the Public Health Care Center (PHC) level is crucial for early case detection and outbreak control in endemic areas. Aim: This study aimed to develop and implement a leptospirosis surveillance model at primary health care facilities in two endemic regencies in Central Java, Indonesia, Banyumas and Demak districts, to improve early detection, reporting, and response capacity. Methods: The research on leptospirosis surveillance by the PHC was conducted from January 2018 to December 2019 in Banyumas and Demak Regencies, Central Java. This research is a time-series study that encompasses case findings, diagnosis, and laboratory detection of leptospirosis. Case findings were carried out both passively (at health centers) and actively (within the community) using the WHO-SEARO clinical symptom criteria. Results: In Banyumas Regency, 121 suspects, 106 probable, and 44 confirmed cases of leptospirosis and in Demak Regency between 2018 and 2021, 73 cases of leptospirosis were reported, with 22 deaths, resulting in a case fatality rate of 30.1%. A total of 51 patients recovered from the disease. While the hospital reported 63 leptospirosis cases and 9 related deaths, surveillance in Demak Regency identified 72 suspected, 67 probable, and 23 confirmed cases with no reported deaths. However, a Demak hospital recorded 172 cases and 19 deaths. Negative binomial regression revealed a significant negative relationship between cases reported by PHCs and hospitals (coef = -0.050; p = 0.012), along with a decreasing trend in hospital cases over time (coef = -0.010; p = 0.046). Conclusion: Leptospirosis surveillance data can be used to identify focal areas of leptospirosis endemicity. The application of the WHO-SEARO (2009) clinical criteria and rapid diagnostic tests supports the identification of suspected and probable cases of leptospirosis at the PHC level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Open Veterinary Journal is the property of Open Veterinary Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Author Affiliations: | 1Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Bogor, Indonesia 2Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Bogor, Indonesia 3Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia, National Environmental PHL, Salatiga, Indonesia 4Center for Biomedical Research, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Bogor, Indonesia 5Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia 6Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon, Indonesia |
| ISSN: | 2226-4485 |
| DOI: | 10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.51 |
| Accession Number: | 191964497 |
| Database: | Veterinary Source |
| Abstract: | Background: Leptospirosis remains one of the most significant zoonotic diseases in tropical regions such as Indonesia. It is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates, with case fatality rates ranging from 5% to 15%, and frequent underreporting due to nonspecific clinical symptoms, which contributes to underdiagnosis in up to 40%-60% of suspected cases. Surveillance at the Public Health Care Center (PHC) level is crucial for early case detection and outbreak control in endemic areas. Aim: This study aimed to develop and implement a leptospirosis surveillance model at primary health care facilities in two endemic regencies in Central Java, Indonesia, Banyumas and Demak districts, to improve early detection, reporting, and response capacity. Methods: The research on leptospirosis surveillance by the PHC was conducted from January 2018 to December 2019 in Banyumas and Demak Regencies, Central Java. This research is a time-series study that encompasses case findings, diagnosis, and laboratory detection of leptospirosis. Case findings were carried out both passively (at health centers) and actively (within the community) using the WHO-SEARO clinical symptom criteria. Results: In Banyumas Regency, 121 suspects, 106 probable, and 44 confirmed cases of leptospirosis and in Demak Regency between 2018 and 2021, 73 cases of leptospirosis were reported, with 22 deaths, resulting in a case fatality rate of 30.1%. A total of 51 patients recovered from the disease. While the hospital reported 63 leptospirosis cases and 9 related deaths, surveillance in Demak Regency identified 72 suspected, 67 probable, and 23 confirmed cases with no reported deaths. However, a Demak hospital recorded 172 cases and 19 deaths. Negative binomial regression revealed a significant negative relationship between cases reported by PHCs and hospitals (coef = -0.050; p = 0.012), along with a decreasing trend in hospital cases over time (coef = -0.010; p = 0.046). Conclusion: Leptospirosis surveillance data can be used to identify focal areas of leptospirosis endemicity. The application of the WHO-SEARO (2009) clinical criteria and rapid diagnostic tests supports the identification of suspected and probable cases of leptospirosis at the PHC level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
|---|---|
| ISSN: | 22264485 |
| DOI: | 10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i11.51 |