Exosomal miRNA profiling in chickens infected with highly and low pathogenic avian influenza viruses.
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| Title: | Exosomal miRNA profiling in chickens infected with highly and low pathogenic avian influenza viruses. |
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| Authors: | Kim, Chaeeun1, Phan, Thi Hoai1, Vu, Thi Hao2, Truong, Anh Duc2, Lillehoj, Hyun Soon3,4, Hong, Yeong Ho1 yhong@cau.ac.kr |
| Source: | Journal of Veterinary Science. Sep2025, Vol. 26 Issue 5, p1-13. 13p. |
| Document Type: | Article |
| Subjects: | Avian influenza, MicroRNA, Immune response, Gene expression, Chickens, Avian influenza A virus, Vaccine development |
| Author-Supplied Keywords: | avian influenza virus chicken Exosome immune related miRNA RNA-Seq |
| Abstract: | Importance: Avian influenza virus (AIV) has emerged as a serious threat worldwide. In poultry, AIV can be divided into highly pathogenic AIV (HPAIV) and low pathogenic AIV (LPAIV). Exosomes are small vesicles released from donor cells that transmit cargo such as microRNAs (miRNAs), where exosomal miRNA can regulate target gene expression. Objective: By profiling exosomal miRNAs from chickens infected with HPAIV and LPAIV, we provide insights into the immunological functions of exosomal miRNAs in AIV infection as well as into the development of strategies for its control. Methods: This study analyzed the exosomal miRNA expression profiles of non-infected, LPAIV-infected, and HPAIV-infected chickens using small RNA sequencing. miRDB and Gene Ontology (GO) were used to predict immune-related target genes, and GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction was conducted to validate the expression levels of miRNAs (gga-miR-1434, gga-miR-1662, gga-miR-1559-5p, and ggamiR- 375). Results: We identified 148 DE miRNAs in total: 103 in LPAIV-EXO vs. CTRL-EXO, 54 in HPAIV-EXO vs. CTRL-EXO, and 98 in HPAIV-EXO vs. LPAIV-EXO, with partial overlap among groups. In the GO and KEGG analyses, the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway was the most enriched pathway in all comparisons. Conclusions and Relevance: This report provides insight into the molecular mechanisms by which exosomal miRNAs are related to immune-related pathways in HPAIV and LPAIV infections and is expected to be helpful for novel vaccine development and useful biomarkers for virus infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Author Affiliations: | 1Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea 2Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam 3Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Services, United States 4Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA |
| ISSN: | 1229-845X |
| DOI: | 10.4142/jvs.25077 |
| Accession Number: | 188387291 |
| Database: | Veterinary Source |
| Abstract: | Importance: Avian influenza virus (AIV) has emerged as a serious threat worldwide. In poultry, AIV can be divided into highly pathogenic AIV (HPAIV) and low pathogenic AIV (LPAIV). Exosomes are small vesicles released from donor cells that transmit cargo such as microRNAs (miRNAs), where exosomal miRNA can regulate target gene expression. Objective: By profiling exosomal miRNAs from chickens infected with HPAIV and LPAIV, we provide insights into the immunological functions of exosomal miRNAs in AIV infection as well as into the development of strategies for its control. Methods: This study analyzed the exosomal miRNA expression profiles of non-infected, LPAIV-infected, and HPAIV-infected chickens using small RNA sequencing. miRDB and Gene Ontology (GO) were used to predict immune-related target genes, and GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction was conducted to validate the expression levels of miRNAs (gga-miR-1434, gga-miR-1662, gga-miR-1559-5p, and ggamiR- 375). Results: We identified 148 DE miRNAs in total: 103 in LPAIV-EXO vs. CTRL-EXO, 54 in HPAIV-EXO vs. CTRL-EXO, and 98 in HPAIV-EXO vs. LPAIV-EXO, with partial overlap among groups. In the GO and KEGG analyses, the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway was the most enriched pathway in all comparisons. Conclusions and Relevance: This report provides insight into the molecular mechanisms by which exosomal miRNAs are related to immune-related pathways in HPAIV and LPAIV infections and is expected to be helpful for novel vaccine development and useful biomarkers for virus infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 1229845X |
| DOI: | 10.4142/jvs.25077 |