Antibiotic resistance profiles of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from chicken meat sold in traditional markets in Gresik District, East Java, Indonesia.
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| Title: | Antibiotic resistance profiles of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from chicken meat sold in traditional markets in Gresik District, East Java, Indonesia. |
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| Authors: | Wibisono, Freshinta Jellia1, Effendi, Mustofa Helmi2, Tyasningsih, Wiwiek3 wiwiek-t@fkh.unair.ac.id, Rahmaniar, Reina Puspita4, Khairullah, Aswin Rafif5, Kendek, Irfan Alias1, Budiastuti, Budiastuti6, Rianto, Vinsensius1, Nico, Dicky Candra4, Kurniasih, Dea Anita Ariani7, Salwa, Salsabila1, Diningrum, Dinda Prisilya4, Moses, Ikechukwu Benjamin8, Ahmad, Riza Zainuddin5 |
| Source: | Open Veterinary Journal. 2025, Vol. 15 Issue 5, p2160-2170. 11p. |
| Document Type: | Article |
| Subjects: | Chicken as food, Escherichia coli, Veterinary public health, Drug resistance in bacteria, Microbial sensitivity tests, Azithromycin |
| Author-Supplied Keywords: | Antibiotic resistance Chicken meat E. coli Human health Salmonella spp. |
| Abstract: | Background: Antibiotic resistance in the poultry industry poses a global threat. The occurrence of resistance in humans can occur through foodstuffs of animal origin, one of which is chicken meat, which is sold in traditional markets. Traditional markets are synonymous with dirty environments and poor sanitation and hygiene. Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the contamination of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. and antibiotic resistance in chicken meat from traditional markets in the Gresik District. Methods: The samples were collected by random sampling following the general procedures of the FDA guidelines for meat sample handling. The samples were then transported in a cold box containing ice packs at approximately 4°C. Laboratory testing was conducted at the Veterinary Public Health Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya. Samples were cultured on selective MacConkey Agar and Salmonella Shigella Agar, followed by Gram staining, biochemical tests, and antibiotic susceptibility testing on Mueller Hinton Agar using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, 2022) guidelines. Results: The results of antibiotic resistance to E. coli showed resistance to amoxicillin 75% (47/61), ampicillin 75% (47/61), oxytetracycline 59% (36/61), streptomycin 49% (30/61), sulfonamide trimethoprim 44% (27 /61), ciprofloxacin 29% (18/61), gentamicin 27% (17/61), chloramphenicol 13% (8/61), and azithromycin 3% (2/61), while Salmonella spp. showed antibiotic resistance oxytetracycline 84% (27/32), azithromycin 65% (21/32), sulfonamide trimethoprim 53% (17/32), ampicillin 43% (14/32), streptomycin 34% (11/32), amoxicillin 31% (10/32), ciprofloxacin 15% (5/32), gentamicin 12% (4/32), and chloramphenicol 9% (3/32). Antibiotics that have experienced multidrug resistance (MDR) against E. coli bacteria by 42% (26/61) and Salmonella spp. by 43% (14/32). Conclusion: This study found high levels of antibiotic resistance in E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from chicken meat sold in traditional markets in Gresik District, with the highest resistance observed against amoxicillin, ampicillin, and oxytetracycline. MDR was detected in 42% of E. coli and 43% of Salmonella spp. isolates. These findings suggest the potential misuse of antibiotics in poultry production and underscore the need for better surveillance, hygiene control in markets, and responsible antibiotic use to prevent the transmission of resistant bacteria to humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Author Affiliations: | 1Veterinary Public Health Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia 2Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia 3Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia 4Veterinary Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia 5Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia 6Study Program of Pharmacy Science, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia 7Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia 8Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria |
| ISSN: | 2226-4485 |
| DOI: | 10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.34 |
| Accession Number: | 186438660 |
| Database: | Veterinary Source |
| Abstract: | Background: Antibiotic resistance in the poultry industry poses a global threat. The occurrence of resistance in humans can occur through foodstuffs of animal origin, one of which is chicken meat, which is sold in traditional markets. Traditional markets are synonymous with dirty environments and poor sanitation and hygiene. Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the contamination of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. and antibiotic resistance in chicken meat from traditional markets in the Gresik District. Methods: The samples were collected by random sampling following the general procedures of the FDA guidelines for meat sample handling. The samples were then transported in a cold box containing ice packs at approximately 4°C. Laboratory testing was conducted at the Veterinary Public Health Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya. Samples were cultured on selective MacConkey Agar and Salmonella Shigella Agar, followed by Gram staining, biochemical tests, and antibiotic susceptibility testing on Mueller Hinton Agar using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, 2022) guidelines. Results: The results of antibiotic resistance to E. coli showed resistance to amoxicillin 75% (47/61), ampicillin 75% (47/61), oxytetracycline 59% (36/61), streptomycin 49% (30/61), sulfonamide trimethoprim 44% (27 /61), ciprofloxacin 29% (18/61), gentamicin 27% (17/61), chloramphenicol 13% (8/61), and azithromycin 3% (2/61), while Salmonella spp. showed antibiotic resistance oxytetracycline 84% (27/32), azithromycin 65% (21/32), sulfonamide trimethoprim 53% (17/32), ampicillin 43% (14/32), streptomycin 34% (11/32), amoxicillin 31% (10/32), ciprofloxacin 15% (5/32), gentamicin 12% (4/32), and chloramphenicol 9% (3/32). Antibiotics that have experienced multidrug resistance (MDR) against E. coli bacteria by 42% (26/61) and Salmonella spp. by 43% (14/32). Conclusion: This study found high levels of antibiotic resistance in E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from chicken meat sold in traditional markets in Gresik District, with the highest resistance observed against amoxicillin, ampicillin, and oxytetracycline. MDR was detected in 42% of E. coli and 43% of Salmonella spp. isolates. These findings suggest the potential misuse of antibiotics in poultry production and underscore the need for better surveillance, hygiene control in markets, and responsible antibiotic use to prevent the transmission of resistant bacteria to humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 22264485 |
| DOI: | 10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i5.34 |