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Thermal pulses on pearlitic steels: Influence of laser heat scanning parameters on surface layers transforming to martensite

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Titel: Thermal pulses on pearlitic steels: Influence of laser heat scanning parameters on surface layers transforming to martensite
Autoren: Andersson, Björn, 1989, Steyn, Erika, 1990, Ahlström, Johan, 1969
Quelle: IAM4RAIL Driving research and innovation to push Europe's rail system forward (IN2TRACK3) Materials and Design. 256
Schlagwörter: Martensite, Numerical simulations, Pearlitic steel transformations, Laser flash heating, White etching layer (WEL), Residual stress
Beschreibung: Industrial processes like grinding and welding impose cyclic heating and rapid cooling on steel surfaces, affecting material properties and residual stresses. This study examines how intense localised surface heating influences pearlitic railway steels using laser welding equipment as a precisely controlled heat source, without added filler materials. Two steels were studied: high-carbon rail steel (R260) and medium-carbon wheel steel (ER7T). The findings reveal that applied power is the key factor affecting thermal gradients and material transformations, rather than laser scanning speed. Under identical thermal loads, R260 fully transformed to martensite at lower temperatures, creating pronounced shear stresses, while ER7T experienced partial transformation and more hydrostatic tensile stresses. Numerical simulations, validated by experimental results, highlight the interplay between melted and non-melted material. The thermal contraction of the melted material induced tensile stresses in the otherwise compressive stress-dominated non-melted martensitic regions. These results demonstrate the potential of laser welding equipment for studying high-energy heating effects on railway steels. Insights highlight the importance of controlled heat input for optimising microstructures and stress states, informing advanced rail maintenance strategies like repair welding and grinding. This work contributes to improving the performance, safety, and sustainability of railway components.
Dateibeschreibung: electronic
Zugangs-URL: https://research.chalmers.se/publication/547228
https://research.chalmers.se/publication/547228/file/547228_Fulltext.pdf
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  Data: Thermal pulses on pearlitic steels: Influence of laser heat scanning parameters on surface layers transforming to martensite
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Andersson%2C+Björn%22">Andersson, Björn</searchLink>, 1989<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Steyn%2C+Erika%22">Steyn, Erika</searchLink>, 1990<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ahlström%2C+Johan%22">Ahlström, Johan</searchLink>, 1969
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  Label: Source
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  Data: <i>IAM4RAIL Driving research and innovation to push Europe's rail system forward (IN2TRACK3) Materials and Design</i>. 256
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Martensite%22">Martensite</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Numerical+simulations%22">Numerical simulations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pearlitic+steel+transformations%22">Pearlitic steel transformations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Laser+flash+heating%22">Laser flash heating</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22White+etching+layer+%28WEL%29%22">White etching layer (WEL)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Residual+stress%22">Residual stress</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Description
  Group: Ab
  Data: Industrial processes like grinding and welding impose cyclic heating and rapid cooling on steel surfaces, affecting material properties and residual stresses. This study examines how intense localised surface heating influences pearlitic railway steels using laser welding equipment as a precisely controlled heat source, without added filler materials. Two steels were studied: high-carbon rail steel (R260) and medium-carbon wheel steel (ER7T). The findings reveal that applied power is the key factor affecting thermal gradients and material transformations, rather than laser scanning speed. Under identical thermal loads, R260 fully transformed to martensite at lower temperatures, creating pronounced shear stresses, while ER7T experienced partial transformation and more hydrostatic tensile stresses. Numerical simulations, validated by experimental results, highlight the interplay between melted and non-melted material. The thermal contraction of the melted material induced tensile stresses in the otherwise compressive stress-dominated non-melted martensitic regions. These results demonstrate the potential of laser welding equipment for studying high-energy heating effects on railway steels. Insights highlight the importance of controlled heat input for optimising microstructures and stress states, informing advanced rail maintenance strategies like repair welding and grinding. This work contributes to improving the performance, safety, and sustainability of railway components.
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        Value: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114199
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      – Text: English
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Martensite
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Numerical simulations
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      – SubjectFull: Pearlitic steel transformations
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      – SubjectFull: Laser flash heating
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      – SubjectFull: White etching layer (WEL)
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      – SubjectFull: Residual stress
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      – TitleFull: Thermal pulses on pearlitic steels: Influence of laser heat scanning parameters on surface layers transforming to martensite
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              Y: 2025
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