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Childhood exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and cardiometabolic indicators in childhood and adolescence: findings from a cohort study in rural Bangladesh

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Title: Childhood exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and cardiometabolic indicators in childhood and adolescence: findings from a cohort study in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Trask, Mercedes, Moshfiqur Rahman, Syed, Kampouri, Mariza, Raqib, Rubhana, Ekström, Eva-Charlotte, 1956, Kajantie, Eero, Islam, Mohammad Redwanul, 1986, Krais, Annette M., Lindh, Christian, Rahman, Anisur, 1962, Kippler, Maria
Source: Environmental Research. 278
Subject Terms: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), Childhood, Adolescence, Cardiometabolic risk indicators, Dyslipidemia, Pyrene
Description: Background: Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been associated with cardiovascular diseases in adulthood, but studies examining childhood origins are scarce. Objective: To examine associations of childhood PAH exposure with cardiometabolic risk indicators in childhood and adolescence along with differences by sex. Methods: Urinary PAH metabolites [E1,2,3-hydroxyphenanthrene (E1,2,3-OH Phe), 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH Pyr), and E2,3-hydroxyfluorene (E2,3-OH Flu)] were measured in 9-year-olds from the MINIMat cohort in Bangladesh (n = 196), using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Cardiometabolic indicators [lipids, Creactive protein (CRP), insulin resistance (HOMA2 IR), blood pressure, anthropometry, and a composite cardiometabolic risk score (CMRS)] were assessed at 9 and 15 years. Associations of PAH metabolites (log2-trans-formed) with cardiometabolic indicators were assessed using multivariable-adjusted linear and logistic regression models. Results: In all children, urinary 1-OH Pyr (median: 1.6 ng/mL) was positively associated with body mass index zscore at 9 and 15 years, and with triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein (HDL), cholesterol/HDL ratios, waist circumference, CMRS, and CRP at 15 years. After sex stratification, consistent associations were mainly observed in girls, especially with outcomes at age 15, where both urinary 1-OH Pyr and E1,2,3-OH Phe concentrations were inversely associated with HDL, and positively associated with the cholesterol/HDL ratio and CMRS. Urinary 1-OH Pyr was also positively associated with girls' triglyceride/HDL ratio, HOMA2 IR, waist circumference, and CRP. Conclusions: Our associations of childhood PAH exposure with cardiometabolic indicators in childhood and adolescence differed by sex. In girls, increased adiposity, indications of altered lipid profile and metabolic function were detected while boys seemed incongruently affected.
File Description: electronic
Access URL: https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-556693
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.121653
Database: SwePub
Description
Abstract:Background: Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been associated with cardiovascular diseases in adulthood, but studies examining childhood origins are scarce. Objective: To examine associations of childhood PAH exposure with cardiometabolic risk indicators in childhood and adolescence along with differences by sex. Methods: Urinary PAH metabolites [E1,2,3-hydroxyphenanthrene (E1,2,3-OH Phe), 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH Pyr), and E2,3-hydroxyfluorene (E2,3-OH Flu)] were measured in 9-year-olds from the MINIMat cohort in Bangladesh (n = 196), using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Cardiometabolic indicators [lipids, Creactive protein (CRP), insulin resistance (HOMA2 IR), blood pressure, anthropometry, and a composite cardiometabolic risk score (CMRS)] were assessed at 9 and 15 years. Associations of PAH metabolites (log2-trans-formed) with cardiometabolic indicators were assessed using multivariable-adjusted linear and logistic regression models. Results: In all children, urinary 1-OH Pyr (median: 1.6 ng/mL) was positively associated with body mass index zscore at 9 and 15 years, and with triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein (HDL), cholesterol/HDL ratios, waist circumference, CMRS, and CRP at 15 years. After sex stratification, consistent associations were mainly observed in girls, especially with outcomes at age 15, where both urinary 1-OH Pyr and E1,2,3-OH Phe concentrations were inversely associated with HDL, and positively associated with the cholesterol/HDL ratio and CMRS. Urinary 1-OH Pyr was also positively associated with girls' triglyceride/HDL ratio, HOMA2 IR, waist circumference, and CRP. Conclusions: Our associations of childhood PAH exposure with cardiometabolic indicators in childhood and adolescence differed by sex. In girls, increased adiposity, indications of altered lipid profile and metabolic function were detected while boys seemed incongruently affected.
DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2025.121653