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Immunological effects of alpha-lactalbumin-enriched low-protein infant formula: a randomized controlled trial

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Názov: Immunological effects of alpha-lactalbumin-enriched low-protein infant formula: a randomized controlled trial
Autori: Nilsson, Ulrika T., Hernell, Olle, Lönnerdal, Bo, Jacobsen, Lotte N., Nunez-Salces, Maria, Kvistgaard, Anne S., West, Christina E., Åkeson, Pia K.
Zdroj: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - JPGN. 81(5):1296-1305
Predmety: cytokines, gut microbiota, infant nutrition, infectious diseases
Popis: Objectives: Breast-fed (BF) have lower risk of infections during infancy compared to those formula-fed (FF). A higher content of alpha-lactalbumin (α-lac) in breast milk, which may promote a more favorable gut microbiota, could be one reason. In this study, we evaluated whether increased concentration of α-lac in low-protein infant formula affects the immune response and the incidence of infections during infancy.Methods: In a double-blinded randomized controlled trial, healthy-term infants (n = 245) received low-protein infant formulas with α-lac-enriched whey (α-lac-EW; 1.75 g protein/100 kcal, 27% α-lac) or casein glycomacropeptide-reduced whey (CGMP-RW; 1.76 g protein/100 kcal, 14% α-lac), or standard formula (SF; 2.2 g protein/100 kcal, 10% α-lac) from 2 to 6 months. BF constituted a reference group. Cytokines and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured during intervention and infection-related morbidity, and treatment was evaluated until 12 months.Results: Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) was lower in BF than in all FF groups during intervention (p < 0.001). No other differences in cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], transforming growth factor beta 1 [TGF-β1], TGF-β2, IL-1, IL-10, IL-12, interferon gamma [INF-γ]) or hsCRP were found among the study groups. Infection-related morbidity did not differ among study groups, except slight differences in the use of antibiotics during (α-lac-EW vs. CGMP-RW [p = 0.008]) and after intervention (α-lac-EW vs. BF [p = 0.016]).Conclusions: Increased α-lac concentration in low-protein infant formula to levels similar to breast milk did not affect the cytokine profile and had minor effect on infection-related morbidity. The higher IL-6 concentrations in FF than in BF needs further investigation.
Popis súboru: electronic
Prístupová URL adresa: https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-245758
https://doi.org/10.1002/jpn3.70189
Databáza: SwePub
Popis
Abstrakt:Objectives: Breast-fed (BF) have lower risk of infections during infancy compared to those formula-fed (FF). A higher content of alpha-lactalbumin (α-lac) in breast milk, which may promote a more favorable gut microbiota, could be one reason. In this study, we evaluated whether increased concentration of α-lac in low-protein infant formula affects the immune response and the incidence of infections during infancy.Methods: In a double-blinded randomized controlled trial, healthy-term infants (n = 245) received low-protein infant formulas with α-lac-enriched whey (α-lac-EW; 1.75 g protein/100 kcal, 27% α-lac) or casein glycomacropeptide-reduced whey (CGMP-RW; 1.76 g protein/100 kcal, 14% α-lac), or standard formula (SF; 2.2 g protein/100 kcal, 10% α-lac) from 2 to 6 months. BF constituted a reference group. Cytokines and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured during intervention and infection-related morbidity, and treatment was evaluated until 12 months.Results: Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) was lower in BF than in all FF groups during intervention (p < 0.001). No other differences in cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], transforming growth factor beta 1 [TGF-β1], TGF-β2, IL-1, IL-10, IL-12, interferon gamma [INF-γ]) or hsCRP were found among the study groups. Infection-related morbidity did not differ among study groups, except slight differences in the use of antibiotics during (α-lac-EW vs. CGMP-RW [p = 0.008]) and after intervention (α-lac-EW vs. BF [p = 0.016]).Conclusions: Increased α-lac concentration in low-protein infant formula to levels similar to breast milk did not affect the cytokine profile and had minor effect on infection-related morbidity. The higher IL-6 concentrations in FF than in BF needs further investigation.
ISSN:02772116
15364801
DOI:10.1002/jpn3.70189