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Low Bone Mineral Density Is Associated with Higher Venous Thromboembolism Risk Scores in Postmenopausal Women

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Title: Low Bone Mineral Density Is Associated with Higher Venous Thromboembolism Risk Scores in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Gong C, Ling F, Mao Y, Zhu X, Lu X, Wang J
Source: International Journal of Women's Health, Vol 17, Iss Issue 1, Pp 4565-4575 (2025)
Publisher Information: Dove Medical Press, 2025.
Publication Year: 2025
Collection: LCC:Gynecology and obstetrics
Subject Terms: Postmenopausal women, Venous thromboembolism, Caprini score, Bone mineral density, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991
Description: Chen Gong,1,2,* Feng Ling,1,* Yichao Mao,3,* Xianyang Zhu,1 Xiao Lu,2 Jiaxing Wang1,3 1Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jiaxing Wang, Email wangjxspine@sina.com Xiao Lu, Email luxiao1972@163.comBackground: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) and osteoporosis are both prevalent and clinically significant conditions in postmenopausal women. These disorders share common risk factors, including estrogen deficiency and age-related physiological changes. Although emerging evidence suggests a link between reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and thrombotic events, current VTE risk assessment models do not incorporate BMD. This study aimed to investigate the association between BMD and VTE risk in postmenopausal women.Methods: A total of 511 postmenopausal women hospitalized at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January and December 2024 were enrolled. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and classified according to World Health Organization criteria. VTE risk was assessed using the Caprini Risk Assessment Score.Results: Patients with osteoporosis had significantly higher Caprini scores compared to those with normal BMD (6.20 ± 3.20 vs 5.40 ± 2.60; p = 0.019). Additionally, levels of D-dimer 2 (DD2) and fibrinogen (FIB) increased as BMD decreased. Multivariate analysis identified the lowest BMD value as an independent predictor of elevated VTE risk (odds ratio = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.003– 0.164; p < 0.01). A negative correlation was observed between BMD and Caprini score (r = − 0.241; p < 0.01).Conclusion: Lower BMD is independently associated with increased VTE risk in postmenopausal women. These findings suggest that BMD may serve as a novel biomarker for VTE risk. Incorporating BMD into existing risk assessment models and considering thromboprophylaxis for individuals with low BMD are recommended.Keywords: postmenopausal women, venous thromboembolism, caprini score, bone mineral density
Document Type: article
File Description: electronic resource
Language: English
ISSN: 1179-1411
Relation: https://www.dovepress.com/low-bone-mineral-density-is-associated-with-higher-venous-thromboembol-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJWH; https://doaj.org/toc/1179-1411
Access URL: https://doaj.org/article/8ae6a736d7fc48b98ad643a5652dd003
Accession Number: edsdoj.8ae6a736d7fc48b98ad643a5652dd003
Database: Directory of Open Access Journals
Description
Abstract:Chen Gong,1,2,&ast; Feng Ling,1,&ast; Yichao Mao,3,&ast; Xianyang Zhu,1 Xiao Lu,2 Jiaxing Wang1,3 1Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jiaxing Wang, Email wangjxspine@sina.com Xiao Lu, Email luxiao1972@163.comBackground: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) and osteoporosis are both prevalent and clinically significant conditions in postmenopausal women. These disorders share common risk factors, including estrogen deficiency and age-related physiological changes. Although emerging evidence suggests a link between reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and thrombotic events, current VTE risk assessment models do not incorporate BMD. This study aimed to investigate the association between BMD and VTE risk in postmenopausal women.Methods: A total of 511 postmenopausal women hospitalized at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January and December 2024 were enrolled. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and classified according to World Health Organization criteria. VTE risk was assessed using the Caprini Risk Assessment Score.Results: Patients with osteoporosis had significantly higher Caprini scores compared to those with normal BMD (6.20 ± 3.20 vs 5.40 ± 2.60; p = 0.019). Additionally, levels of D-dimer 2 (DD2) and fibrinogen (FIB) increased as BMD decreased. Multivariate analysis identified the lowest BMD value as an independent predictor of elevated VTE risk (odds ratio = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.003– 0.164; p < 0.01). A negative correlation was observed between BMD and Caprini score (r = − 0.241; p < 0.01).Conclusion: Lower BMD is independently associated with increased VTE risk in postmenopausal women. These findings suggest that BMD may serve as a novel biomarker for VTE risk. Incorporating BMD into existing risk assessment models and considering thromboprophylaxis for individuals with low BMD are recommended.Keywords: postmenopausal women, venous thromboembolism, caprini score, bone mineral density
ISSN:11791411